eng
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Yafteh
1563-0773
2981-0779
2006-06
8
1
3
11
article
Effects of enalapril on diabetic neuropathy in rats
asadollah Tavakoli
1
bahram Delfan
2
mansour Esmaili dahaj
3
Background: Neuropathy is one of the important complications of diabetes.
Deficiency of the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) that occurs in both human
diabetic neuropathy and animal diabetes models is one of the indicators for diabetic
neuropathy. In the present study, we examined the effect of enalapril, angiotensinconverting
enzyme inhibitor on NCV, number of endoneurial capillaries and thickness
of the capillary basement membrane in motor sciatic nerves of diabetic and non
diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: Fifty male rats, 300-450gr body weight, randomly
divided into five equal groups (control, sham, diabetic, prevention and treatment).
Diabetes was induced by subcutaneous injection of alloxan (140mg/kg). Body weight
and fast blood sugar were measured at the beginning of experiment and every endweek
during the course of experiment. Animals in the sham and prevention groups
received enalapril orally (5mg/kg/day) since the beginning of the experiment for five
weeks. Treatment group received enalapril (5mg/kg/day) for four weeks after five
weeks without treatment. NCV in motor sciatic nerve was measured at the end of the
period. Then, the number of capillaries and thickness of basement membranes in the
endoneurium of the motor sciatic nerve in all groups were examined.
Findings: NCV was reduced by 45% in diabetic rats compared with the control
group (p<0.001) after five weeks of diabetes. In prevention group, oral administration
of enalapril for five weeks could prevent reduction in NCV in diabetic rats by 62%
(p<0.05). Deficiency of the NCV is ameliorated by four weeks of enalapril treatment
by 66% (p<0.05), in addition, the number of endoneurial capillaries in sciatic nerve
increased by 67% (p<0.05). Administration of enalapril to non diabetic rats (sham
group) had no effect on NCV and number of endoneurial capillaries in motor sciatic
nerve.
Conclusion: Enalapril can have an effective role in prevention and treatment of
diabetic neuropathy.
http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1046-en.pdf
Diabetic neuropathy
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
Enalapril
eng
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Yafteh
1563-0773
2981-0779
2006-06
8
1
13
19
article
Comparing the effects of IV infusion of 10% dextrose and 40 IU/L of oxytocin on uterine contraction after Cesarean section
mohammad reza Rafiei
mrrafiei2002@yahoo.com
1
mansoure Samimi
2
mehdi Noroldini
3
seyed gholam abbas Mosavi
4
Background: Uterine bleeding is an important side effect of cesarean section which
is due to non contractile uterine. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of
10% dextrose (IV infusion) and 40 IU/L oxytocin (IV infusion) on uterine contraction.
Materials and Methods: This research was a double-blinded randomized clinical
trial (RCT) study. 120 women were equally included in the two study groups. After
cesarean section and uterine bleeding due to non contractile uterine, each patient
randomly received 10% dextrose or 40 IU/L oxytocin in equal volume, intravenously.
The ability of these two drugs to induce firm contraction of the uterine muscle was
then determined.
Findings: There was significant difference between the ability of the two drugs to
induce firm contraction of uterine muscle. The rate of firm contraction of uterine
muscle in response to IV infusion of 10% dextrose was 68.3% and to IV infusion of
40 IU/L oxytocin was 31.7% (P < 0.01). IV infusion of 10% dextrose affected high
parity women more intensely (82.4% compare to 12.5%) and IV infusion of 40 IU/L
oxytocin had a more intense effect on low parity women (63.6% compare to 43.5%)
(P> 0.05).
Conclusion: IV infusion of 10% dextrose is more effective than IV infusion of 40
IU/L oxytocin on uterine bleeding and firm contraction of uterine muscle after
cesarean section in the women.
http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1047-en.pdf
Dextrose
oxytocin
Cesarean section
bleeding.
eng
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Yafteh
1563-0773
2981-0779
2006-06
8
1
21
27
article
Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing Strains of Escherichia coli (O157:H7) isolated from specimens of urinary and stool by Multiplex-PCR method
seyed mohammad nayeb Nayeb Aghaee
1
shahla Mansouri
2
Background: Infection of shiga toxin-producing Strains of Escherichia coli has some other dangerous and deadly effects such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in addition to diarrhea. Its diagnosis is difficult and there is no information on It's incidence in Iran. The goal of this study is to evaluate and detect shiga toxinproducing strains of E. coli isolated from urinary and stool specimens by multiplex- PCR method. Materials and Methods: One hundred samples out of 500 collected samples were screened. The selected samples have more chance of heaving different kinds of O157. After DNA extraction from the isolated strains, the multiplex PCR reaction for both stx1 and stx2 genes performed and consequently amplicons were examined by agarose gel electrophoresis. Samples were analyzed after painting by ethidium bromide. Findings: Only 3 cases (3%) of the studied sample were positive for the presence of STEC. All three cases were related to stx2. Two of them were related from feces samples and one of them was isolated from the urine samples. Conclusion: Although it seems that the incidence and prevalence of gastrointestinal infections by STEC are low in Iran, But because of the serious complications of the STEC infection such as HUS and HC and failure of detection of these strains by routine methods it is necessary to use molecular and serological diagnostic methods, especially in childhood clinics for recognizing doubtful cases.
http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1048-en.pdf
Shiga toxin
Multiplex-PCR
Escherichia coli
eng
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Yafteh
1563-0773
2981-0779
2006-06
8
1
29
38
article
The Prevalence of goiter and urinary iodine exertion in school-aged children in Lorestan province
mozhgan Padyab
1
robabe Sheikholeslam
2
mostafa Azadbakht
3
ladan Mehran
4
sepide Haj-forosh
5
fereidon Azizi
6
Background: Iodine deficiency and its related disorder such as goiter are endemic in Lorestan province. Following initiation of iodine deficiency control program in 1989, production, distribution and consumption of iodinated salt were begun. This survey was conducted in the framework of national monitoring survey in 2001 to find out the prevalence of goiter and urinary iodine level in order to evaluate the iodine status of school- aged children in Lorestan. Materials and Methods: 1200 schoolchildren, aged 7-10 years, were selected randomly from all regions of Lorestan. The grade of goiter in 600 boys and 600 girls, was determined according to WHO classification. Urinary iodine content was estimated using the digestion method in one tenth of the schoolchildren. Findings: Total goiter rate was 7.8% 7.8% in girls and 7.7% in boys. Median urinary iodine was 17 μg/dl. Urinary iodine was above 10 μg/dl in 85.7% and less than 5 μg/dl in 1.7%. No one had urinary iodine below 2 μg/dl. Conclusion: It is concluded that the rate of goiter in Lorestan has decreased significantly since 1996 and urinary iodine levels in schoolchildren are indicative of adequate iodine intake. Therefore Lorestan province can be considered as an 'iodine deficiency free' zone.
http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1049-en.pdf
Goiter
Urinary iodine
Iodine deficiency
eng
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Yafteh
1563-0773
2981-0779
2006-06
8
1
39
43
article
The effect of earth magnetic field on the function of nuclear medicine imaging systems (SPECT)
samira Resaneh
1
hosein Rajabi
E-mail: samira rasaneh@hotmail.com
2
ahmad Bitavafan-Rahabi
3
mohammad reza Farsi-nejad
4
Background: The nuclear medicine systems are very sensitive to the variation of the
magnetic field. Photomultiplier tubes amplify low energy light signal and change it
into electrical current. Low magnetic field can produce some variations in uniformity
and special resolution of SPECT systems. In this study, we tried to evaluate the
effects of magnetic field on the function of nuclear medicine imaging system, when
system rotates in different angles.
Materials and Methods: In this study, three SPECT systems with different
orientation were examined. A point and line source was placed in the front of the
system and when the gantry system rotated in earth magnetic field, variation of energy
photo peak, spatial resolution and linearity were determined in different angles. These
measurements repeated when an air conditioner was placed at 2-meter distance of the
camera gantries. Results were compared using t-student test.
Findings: The t-test results show that in all three SPECT systems, the variations of
energy photo peak, spatial resolution and linearity were statistically significant
(p<0.01). The surrounding magnetic field can effect on accurate function of nuclear
medicine systems.
Conclusion: The surrounding magnetic field can effect on accurate function of
nuclear medicine systems.
http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1050-en.pdf
Magnetic field
SPECT
Special resolution
Energy resolution
Photo peak
linearity
eng
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Yafteh
1563-0773
2981-0779
2006-06
8
1
45
54
article
Efficacy of the disinfectants and antiseptics used in hospitals
rasoul Yousefi mashouf
1
mohammad Fallah
2
zahra Heidar barghi
3
Background: One of the major causes of increasing nosocomial infections is
misusing disinfectants and antiseptics in hospitals. The aim of this study was to
evaluate the efficacy of disinfectants and antiseptics using in injections and dressing
wards, operation rooms and kitchen of Hamedan hospitals.
Materials and Methods: In this study 742 samples were collected before and after
disinfections from different parts of injection, dressing wards and operation rooms.
Disinfectants and antiseptics that were used in different parts of wards were
Halamide, Beh-Assa, Kereoeline, Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde, Chlorhexidine,
Hygiene, Savlone, Alcohol 70% and UV ray. The efficacy of disinfectants that were
prepared in hospitals and medical microbiology laboratory of medicine faculty was
evaluated. The efficacy of disinfectants and antiseptics were tested on Staphylococcus
and E. coli by disk diffusion method. Data was gathered through a questionnaire and
analyzed using K2 and Mann-Whitney methods.
Findings: From 742 samples, 308 positive cultures (41.6%) were detected. The
frequency mean of the contamination before disinfection was 50.1% and after
disinfection was 33.8%. From 308 positive cultures in two hospitals, 173 (56.2%)
gram negative bacteria and 135 (43.8%) gram positive bacteria were isolated. The
most effective disinfectants that were used in two hospitals were Glutaraldehyde 2%,
Formaldehyde 8%, Chlorhexidine 1%, Savlone 3.2%. The lowest effective
disinfectants were Beh-Assa 1%, Kereoeline 2.5%, and Alcohol 70%. The frequency
mean of contamination before UV ray disinfection was 51.4% and after disinfection
was 48.6%, which indicate no significant difference. Disinfectants and antiseptics that
were prepared in hospitals and those that prepared in medical microbiology laboratory
showed minor differences.
Conclusion: In this study, the frequency mean of contamination before and after
disinfections showed significant differences (P-value=0/001). So, the efficacy of
disinfectants used in the two hospitals was satisfactory. However, disinfectants that
were prepared in hospitals and those that prepared in medical microbiology laboratory
showed minor differences. Therefore, it is suggested that the disinfectants and
antiseptics which are used in hospitals should be prepared under supervision of
hospital health experts.
http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1051-en.pdf
Disinfectants
Nosocomial infections
antiseptics.
eng
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Yafteh
1563-0773
2981-0779
2006-06
8
1
55
60
article
Sensitivity and specificity of dilatation and curettage for diagnosing abnormal uterine bleeding
setareh Akhavan
1
mahin Lotfi
2
seyed rahim Mohamadi
3
Background: Abnormal uterine Bleeding is one of the most common disorders in
Gynecology. Dilatation and curettage is a diagnostic procedure in the management of
the abnormal uterine bleeding. The results of this procedure could be used to achive a
definite treatment such as hysterectomy. This study was conducted to evaluate the
sensitivity and specificity of dilatation and curettage.
Materials and Methods: Histopathologic results of the specimens that were
obtained from dilatation and curettage were compared with hysterectomy. 85 Subjects
were enrolled in this descriptive study from 2002 to 2004 (3 year period). These
patients were admitted in Beasat hospital of Sanandaj. Data was obtained from
pathologic study of dilatation and curettage specimens and hysterectomy. Data was
analyzed with SPSS software.
Findings: Mean patients' age was 47.25 years, the youngest was 28 years old and the
oldest was 78 years old. 75.3% of Patients lived in rural area and 70.6% were
illiterate. 96.6% of the study group had more than 3 pregnancies. Tubal ligation was
the most common contraception method in our patients. Sensitivity and specificity of
dilatation and curettage for diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding was 78.1% and
79.16% respectively.
Conclusion: Dilatation and curettage is a safe and an inexpensive method for
diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding.
http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1052-en.pdf
Abnormal uterine bleeding. Dilatation
curettage
Hysterectomy
eng
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Yafteh
1563-0773
2981-0779
2006-06
8
1
61
65
article
Evaluation of cytotoxic effect of zinc on Raji cell line by a florescent technique
safar Shams
Safarshams@yahoo.com
1
hasan Tokmehdashi
2
Background: Zinc has important effects on human health, especially on structural
and functional activities of the immune system. This study was carried out to examine
the in vitro cytotoxic effects of zinc on Raji cell line.
Materials and Methods: The cell line was exposed to different concentrations of
zinc followed by incubation (37°C, 5% CO2) at various time points (12 to 72
hrs).Viability and proliferation of Raji cells were then evaluated with florescent (10μl
Ethidium-Bromide and Acridine-Orange) staining. Data analyzed by SPSS software
(Dunnet and Analysis of variance tests).
Findings: The Raji cells showed different responses to different amount of Zinc. Zn
had no effects on cell line up to 100μM at different incubation time points when
compared to the control. At higher concentrations (200-500μM), viability diminished
significantly at 12 and 24hrs of incubation times when compared to the control
(p<0.05).
Conclusion: We conclude that Zn has dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on Raji cell
line and probably it could be used for immune-modulation.
http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1053-en.pdf
Zinc
Raji cell
Viability
Cytotoxicity
eng
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Yafteh
1563-0773
2981-0779
2006-06
8
1
67
74
article
Association between alcohol, dietary factors and subsites of colorectal cancer: an ecological study
mohammad Movahedi
1
tim Bishop
2
jimi Barrett
3
Background: Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer, in terms of
incidence throughout the world. There are some differences for risk factors involved
in the incidence of tumor in different anatomical subsites of large bowel. However,
most investigations have not studied the association between dietary factors and
colorectal cancer subsites. Thus the current ecological study investigates the potential
association between dietary factors and occurrence of cancer in different subsites of
large bowel.
Materials and methods: Data on colorectal cancer incidence and dietary factors
was obtained by the subsites of colorectal cancer for the 32 countries were estimated
between the years 1988 and 1992. The association between alcohol, dietary factors
and cancer in different subsites of large bowel was then analyzed by using linear
regression.
Findings: Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between red meat
consumption and proximal colon cancer incidence (p=0.02). In contrast, there was a
significant association between alcohol consumption and distal colon cancer in men
(p=0.03) and rectal cancer in both men and women (p=0.01 and p=0.04 respectively).
Conclusion: Investigation on the incidence of cancer in anatomical subsites of large
bowel separately might help us to identify etiological factors and preventive ways of
this cancer.
http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1054-en.pdf
dietary factors
alcohol
ecologic study
colorectal cancer
eng
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Yafteh
1563-0773
2981-0779
2006-06
8
1
75
81
article
Prevalence and intensity of food insecurity (hunger and hidden hunger aspects) in AsadAbadi region of Tabriz
alireza Ostadrahimi
ostadrahimi@Tbzwed.ac.ir
1
soltan ali Mahboob
2
Totonchi
3
saeed Dastgiri
4
leila dadgar
5
Background: Food insecurity and hunger not only affect physical health, but also
have social and psychological effects. Therefore, providing food security for society is
one of the major goals of social and economical development programs. The objective
of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of food insecurity at North
West of Tabriz as a population sample of East Azerbaijan province.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300
subjects, 18-78 years old (168 females and 132 males) that were selected by simple
sampling method. Demographic questionnaire was completed and information related
to food consumption was collected by using 24- hours' food recall questionnaire for
three days a week (one holiday and two days at the middle of the week). Hunger index
was determined as inadequate intake of energy and hidden hunger index as inadequate
intake of the key nutrients (energy, vitamin A, protein, riboflavin, calcium). Data were
analyzed by Nutrition III software.
Findings: The prevalence of hunger and hidden hunger were 26% and 41.6%
respectively. All of the subjects with hunger consumed calcium less than
recommended levels. They also consumed riboflavin, protein and vitamin A 94.8%,
74.3 and 56.4% lower than recommended levels respectively. Subjects with hidden
hunger consumed calcium, riboflavin, protein, and vitamin A 89.6%, 77.6%, 19.2%,
and 9.6% lower than recommended levels respectively. Only 32.3% of subjects were
secure in terms of getting all those five key nutrients, i. e. energy, protein, vitamin A,
riboflavin and calcium.
Conclusion: Food insecurity in this area is prevalent, therefore programming for
taking the edge off it and giving correct information on sufficient, varied and balanced
diet is recommended.
http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1056-en.pdf
food insecurity
hunger
hidden hunger.
eng
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Yafteh
1563-0773
2981-0779
2006-06
8
1
81
85
article
Comparison of Apgar score of the minute 5 and 10 of neonates borne by painless delivery (IV sedation) and Cesarean section
fereidon Sabzi
1
hasan Teimori
2
fatemeh nematollahi
3
Background: Painless delivery using IV sedation is a method in which the pain and
anxiety delivery process will be reduced by IV injection of analgesic and sedative
drugs to the mother. In this method the health of neonate is taken into account.
Neonate’s health can be measured by Apgar score system. This research was carried
out to study Apgar score of the minutes 5 and 10 in neonates borne by painless natural
delivery and Cesarean C.
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trials study, 60 pregnant women referred
to Bakhtar hospital for natural delivery and Cesarean were selected using census
method including 30 painless deliveries and 30 women underwent Cesarean section.
A questionnaire was filled out for each of them and those who had not any problem,
were used as study group. Painless delivery through IV injection of Ketamine and
Midazolam and Cesarean section through general anesthesia were done, and Apgar
score in the minutes 5 and 10 in both groups were measured. No significant difference
in term of parity and age was observed in the both groups. 90% of the painless group
neonates in minute 5, and all of the neonates in the minute 10 had Apgar scores of 9
and 10. In Cesarean group, 20% of the neonates in minute 5, and 10% of the neonates
in minute 10, had Apgar scores of 7 and 8. Mann – Whitney test showed no
significant statistical difference between Apgar scores in the minutes 5 and 10 in both
groups. All the neonates had Apgar score of 7 to 10. The average interval time
between the two groups, was significantly different. Time interval was much more in
painless delivery (11.83 minutes versus 5.5 minutes).
Findings: Neonates of the painless delivery group, in comparison with Cesarean
group, didn’t have low Apgar score despite the usage of analgesic and sedative drugs
as well as passing of fetus from birth canal. Therefore, painless delivery with IV
sedation is a safe delivery.
http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1057-en.pdf
Painless delivery
Cesarean
Apgar score
IV sedation
eng
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Yafteh
1563-0773
2981-0779
2006-06
8
1
87
92
article
Knowledge, attitude and practice of female high school students on menstrual health
faride Malekshahi
1
ali farhadi
2
Background: One of the most important events in everyone's life is the period of
adolescence and maturity. The first factor for recognizing the real maturity in young
girls is the first menstruation (monthly period). Although menstrual cycle is an
inevitable event for females, most of them have not good information on it.
The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of young high
school girls on menstrual health in khoramabad in 2005.
Materials and methods: This research was an analytic descriptive study. 700
students were selected by systematic randomized sampling. Data collection tool was a
questionnaire including 2 parts which completed in one step. Statistical inferential
methods were used for analyzing the data by SPSS Version 11 software.
Findings: Average age was 14.8 years. 52% had irregular menstruation.
Menstruation period was 5-7 days in 40.7% of cases. 94.1% had good information on
menstrual health. Cases have acquired their information primarily from their mothers.
50% had weak knowledge, and 30.1% had negative attitude and their practice was
compatible with their attitude. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 15.9%. A great
majority of cases had mood and behavioral disorders (fear, anxiety). There was a
significant relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice with the resource of
information, parental education and the job of the mother.
Conclusion: It is necessary to train young girls, their mothers and teachers on
menstrual health and the effect of factors such as nutrition, exercise, stress and
personal hygiene on it. It is also a necessity to include regular exercise and menstrual
health subjects in curriculum of high schools.
http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1058-en.pdf
knowledge
attitude
practice
high school students
menstrual health.
eng
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Yafteh
1563-0773
2981-0779
2006-06
8
1
91
96
article
The occurrence of two cases of double hetrozygosity (beta-thalassemia/HbS) in thalassemia major patients in Lorestan province
ali asghar Kiani
kiani_ali54@yahoo.com
1
yaghob Shirkhani
2
yosof Mortazavi
3
siroos Zeinali
4
masoume kashi
5
mohammad reza feizian
6
Background: The simultaneous existence of two different abnormalities in a gene is
referred to double heterozygosity. The most common form of it is the association of
thalassemia and sickle cell disease, being termed sickle cell thalassemia. The aim of
this research was to study all of the hemoglobinopathies in thalassemia major patients
in Lorestan Province.
Materials and methods: This study was carried out as a census. 65 thalassemia
major patients who referred to Shahid Madani Hospital of Khorramabad (and their
parents) were tested by CBC and Hb electrophoresis. DNA samples of patients whose
parents had hemoglobinopathy were analyzed by PCR with the mutations specific
primers for the probable presence of double heterozygosity.
Findings: The parents of 2 out of 65 patients had HbS. So, the presence of double
heterozygosity in their sibling was suspected. There was no known mutation
characteristic of this gene in both of two chromosomes.
Conclusion: Two out of the total 65 thalassemia major patients in Lorestan
Province suffered from double heterozygosity for beta thalassemia/HbS. So, it is
necessary to do more studies on genetic aspects of thalassemia patients and their
parents.
http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1061-en.html
Beta thalassemia major
double heterozygosity
HbS
PCR
Hb electrophoresis
eng
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Yafteh
1563-0773
2981-0779
2006-06
8
1
93
99
article
Effect of photo–electron therapy on human neoplastic cells
mojtaba Navabpoor
1
bahram Mofid
2
hosein Nazari-Moghadam
3
Background: Cancer is a complex disease with high rate of mortality. At present,
Radiation therapy is one of the most common procedures to overcome this situation. The
deficiency of conventional method is the lack of fatal dose transmission into the
malignant tissue. Hence, uncertain dose may cause regeneration of cancer cells, and
relapse of the disease and invasion of the cancer cells to the other organs. Photo–electron
therapy is a new cancer therapeutic approach which is based on the delivering of necrotic
dose into the tumor however, no damage is applied on normal surrounding tissue. The
aim of this study was to sketch out in vitro human cancer cells' survival curve, either by
the use of photo-electron therapy or conventional radiotherapy and compare the efficacy
of the two methods regarding their treatment benefit rate.
Materials and Methods: The method of investigation was descriptive. The
measurement was based on sketching out survival curve of cancer cells affected by either
photo-electron therapy or conventional radiation therapy methods. Six groups of various
human cancer cells were selected. Each specimen was studied by dividing it into four
groups. Meanwhile, for any specific kind of cancer cells, the experiment was repeated ten
times using various amount of incident beam energy, and the average of all ten repeats
was used for sketching out the survival curves. The groups were as follows:
Group (1) – Certain range of X-Ray energy, from a minimum up to a maximum of
400 centi Gy was applied to cancer cells via a photo-electron therapy method in ten
separate time period.
Group (2) –The same range of X-ray energy was applied to cancer cells by
conventional method.
Group (3) – Effective substance (means specific drug for photo-electron therapy) only.
Group (4)– Control group.
Finding: Less than 1% of Group 1 cells (Photo-Electron therapy treatment) were
survived. 78% of Group 2 cells (conventional radiotherapy treatment) were survived
which was almost equivalent to control group. In group 3 (unexposed cells) about 78% of
the cells were survived. In group 4 (control group) about 78% of cells were survived.
Conclusion: The effective substance is actually a drug which has specifically been
used for photo-electron therapy. Exposing X-Ray beam energy was 250 kVp, hence, the
cells were irradiated by 400 Centi Gy which is relatively low in present radiotherapy.
http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1059-en.pdf
Radiotherapy
survival curve
ionizing beam
Photo-Electron therapy
photoelectric
survival rate.
eng
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Yafteh
1563-0773
2981-0779
2006-06
8
1
101
106
article
Evaluation of serum AFP (α-fetoprotein) level in HBsAg carrier patients for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
eskandar Hajiani
1
seyed jalal Hashemi
2
mostafa Cheraghi
3
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common all over the world as
well as Iran. The incidence of HCC is higher in hepatitis B carriers and it is highly
recommended to periodically screen these patients by serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
and liver ultrasound (US) every 6 months. We explore the diagnostic accuracy and the
performance of (AFP) in cases of hepatitis B carriers as a screening tool by using
serum total AFP concentration of 20 ng/ml.
Materials and Methods: The study included 2452 HBsAg carriers with no
evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma or cirrhosis were followed up in a 6-year
prospective surveillance program with testing by ultrasound and alphafetoprotein
every 6 months referred to the Ahwaz JundiShapour university hospitals and hepatitis
clinic (1999-2004). Men and nonpregnant women with an elevated AFP level were
evaluated for the presence of HCC by ultrasound (US) examination. Hepatitis B
surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBc antibody and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were
determined in all cases by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Findings: One or more AFP elevations (higher than 20 ng/ml) were found in 32
cases, but 13 (45%) hepatocellular carcinomas were detected in these patients during
follow up (9 men and 4 women). Of the 32 HBsAg carriers with AFP serum levels of
more than 20 ng/ml, HCC was not detected in 19 cases (65%). The positive predictive
value for AFP to detect HCC was only 31% for our AFP cut-off value, and the
sensitivity and specificity was approximately 56 and 88%, respectively.The positive
predictive value for ultrasound examinations to detect HCC was 64%, while the
sensitivity and specificity was 90 and 92%, respectively.
Conclusion: We conclude that AFP alone is not a useful marker for HCC screening
because of its poor predictive value and low sensitivity, particularly in patients with
underlying viral hepatitis B without cirrhosis and is not recommended except when
ultrasonography is either not available or of poor quality. Ultrasonography seems
more efficient and accurate as a screening tool.
http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-1060-en.html
α-fetoprotein
hepatitis B
hepatocellular carcinoma
ultrasound.