@article{ author = {Khosravi, Mozhg}, title = {Bioterrorism via Water and Food}, abstract ={Background: Bioterrorism means the deliberate release of highly pathogenic microorganisms or their poisons that leads to the death of human beings, plants, and animals. Materials and Methods: This was a review article conducted using library resources. Results: One way of releasing biological agents among the target population is the deliberate contamination of water and food. Water and food contaminated in bioterrorist activities are not recognizable by organoleptic properties, and in most cases, they emerge silently, suddenly and without apparent changes (color, odor, taste). Water treatment centers, wells used to supply potable water, purified water tanks, storehouses, and the various stages of production, storage and distribution of food in food factories and imported food are the best places to introduce pathogenic agents, and the more rudimentary, non-industrial, and non-sanitary the control systems and mechanisms are more vulnerable to infiltrate and sabotage they become. Given the high resistance of these pathogens to drugs and treatment, the unlikeliness of making rapid diagnoses, the low dosage needed to induce infections, and the absence of vaccines for many of these pathogens, the best method is to prevent the occurrence of such diseases Conclusion: Considering the importance of this issue and its irreparable damage and the great number of enemies that the Islamic Republic of Iran's sacred government has, this article discribes this phenomenon and ways of controlling and preventing it.}, Keywords = {Bioterrorism, Water, Food}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Lorestan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2566-en.html}, eprint = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2566-en.pdf}, journal = {Yafteh}, issn = {1563-0773}, eissn = {2981-0779}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Jafaripour, Fatemeh and Toulabi, Tahereh and ZareElmi, Halimeh KHaton and Khoshnoud, Sabah and Riahi, Somayeh and Koganinejad, Hadis}, title = {Ebola Virus Disease: A serious threat}, abstract ={Background: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) has been known as a hemorrhagic fever, a severe and often fatal illness among humans.  Materials and Methods: This virus is transmitted through contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person, infected objects such as needles, infected animals or bush meat. The history of mortality was more than 80 percent, but modern medical and public health had been able to reduce this figure and the impact of Ebola on individuals and communities. Results: Currently there is no standard treatment for Ebola, so preventing infection and preventing further spread of the virus is important. Since the mortality rate is high and there is no specific treatment for it and it is also possible to use it as a biological weapon in wars. Therefore, a review of epidemiology, clinical and laboratory symptoms and management of this disease is needed as a first step for accurate diagnosis and timely response. Conclosion: In this regard, the present review article was conducted using the keywords of Ebola Virus, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Bioterrorism in Pubmed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, SID, Google and other websites. }, Keywords = {Ebola Virus Disease, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, Bioterrorism}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {12-23}, publisher = {Lorestan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2567-en.html}, eprint = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2567-en.pdf}, journal = {Yafteh}, issn = {1563-0773}, eissn = {2981-0779}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mardani, Mahnaz and Rezapour, Maryam}, title = {Agro terrorism, Definition, effects and prevention}, abstract ={Background: Food security means giving people access to enough food at all times, to have a healthy lifestyle; this can be analyzed from the three aspects of the availability of food, food accessibility and food sustainability. On the other hands, agro terrorism is a form of bioterrorism in which, an individual or a group of people, for example, cause the contamination and disease of livestock, poultry and crops by deliberately introducing certain types of bacteria, viruses or fungi into the agricultural land or the breeding and maintenance of livestock and poultry.The purpose of this paper is to investigate; the dangers of agro terrorism, the strategies for preventing agro terrorism, and food safety management. Materials and Methods: In this article, authoritative research articles about agro terrorism (without the time zone and the language of publication and using the key words, "to agro terrorism bioterrorism, food security and food insecurity, prevention, effects") in the databases of Pubmed, Elsevier ,SID, Medlib, Magiran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Google Scholar, Scopus were searched. Finally, 20 articles were reviewed. Results: The results showed that terrorist attacks against agriculture are not new and have been carried out by governments or through independent terrorist organizations under certain governments during the course of history. Also, the destructive effects of agro terrorism in national economies , national and transnational security are far more than the destructive effects of conventional weapons that are military and militant organizations. Agro terrorism can lead to the loss of the food supply chain, economic damage, the destruction of the country's agricultural industry, the creation of chaos, and ultimately the destruction of the country's resilience, eventually resulting in the targeted country's complete defeat, with the lowest cost for the attackers. Conclusion: The goal of agro terrorist attacks is to create fear among people, reduce people's access to healthy food and, as a result of food insecurity in the community, the people’s distrust towards governments and ultimately damage the political structure of the state and evenoverthrow a government or the state.}, Keywords = {Bioterrorism, Agro terrorism, Food Security, Food insecurity}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {24-32}, publisher = {Lorestan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2571-en.html}, eprint = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2571-en.pdf}, journal = {Yafteh}, issn = {1563-0773}, eissn = {2981-0779}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Hadian, Babak and Moghasemi, Atefeh}, title = {Bioterrorism, a threat to general health}, abstract ={Background: Today, Enemyattack don’t limit to only military weapons. Most of countries move into novel techniques in wars. Bioterrorism is the intentional use of micro-organisms to bring about ill effects or death to humans, livestock, or crops. Increasing of Knowledge about bioterrorism is one of the passive defense applications. Materials and Methods: The aim of this research was to study of history and methods of bioterrorism for better control of it in probable soft war. Basic data collected by these keywords: biologic agents - biologic wars - biologic weapons - soft war - general health - passive defense - bioterrorism, in literature. Finally, all data were analyzed by medical knowledge of authors (specialized in internal medicine). Results: Ancient evidence reported that in pre-Christian era. Progression in human knowledge results in biological and genetic agents' usage in bioterrorism. The most frequent agents are: bacillus anthracis – plague – tularemia - hemorrhagic fevers and botulism. Most frequent symptoms are: respiratory tract symptoms -hemorrhagic fevers - meningitis and encephalitis - Flaccid paralyses - fever syndromes with rash - diarrheal syndromes. Conclusion: There are no similarities between clinical presentations of organisms or toxins belonging to specific microbial families. It is important for the physician to cope with an unusual disease. Quick referral to the emergency department, leading to early diagnosis; and rapid notification of the Ministry of Health is necessary. All these, and the institution of appropriate measures, will ultimately contribute to the survival of individual patients.}, Keywords = {Bioterrorism, Biologic weapon, Passive defense}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {33-40}, publisher = {Lorestan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2573-en.html}, eprint = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2573-en.pdf}, journal = {Yafteh}, issn = {1563-0773}, eissn = {2981-0779}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Falahi, Ebrahim and ShokriJokari, Samira and Ghazi, SHiri}, title = {The ways and means of Food Security provided and its position in passive defense}, abstract ={Background: This paper aims to examine the association between food security and passive defense and the position of food security in this context. Given the role of healthy manpower in the development of a country and the importance of healthy food and nutrition in human health as the core center of development and the main confronting factor with foreign threats, in this paper, we first discuss a definition of food security and the condition of food security in Iran and its role in acting against threats. Then, current solutions and domestic potentials for promoting food security will be considered. Materials and Methods: In this study, the experiences of the author and relevant literature were used. Since providing nutritious , healthy food , social and economic availability for all persons at all times is indicated in food security. Results: In order to prevent from external threats in context of safe, healthy and nutritious food, we need a system which is dependent on ourselves andexternal threats could not affect its availability. In our country, there is a good potential for confronting with food insecurity and having a healthy society due to various climatic conditions, diversity of edible plants in nature and facilities and conditions in different provinces to produce local and healthy food. Conclusion: Considering that in food security, the provision of healthy and nutritious food and access to individuals is considered socially and socially at all times. The results of this study showed that food insecurity in the country is high and threatening. Therefore, to ensure food security and increase access to healthy and nutritious food. The use of indigenous and local food products, including cultivated food and local vehicles, is recommended.}, Keywords = {Food security, Passive defense, local foods, Healthy food, Nutritious food}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {41-48}, publisher = {Lorestan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2578-en.html}, eprint = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2578-en.pdf}, journal = {Yafteh}, issn = {1563-0773}, eissn = {2981-0779}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Nazer, Mohamad Reza and Darvishi, Moham}, title = {Prescribe and use of antibiotics and its role in microbial resistance and its effects on resistance economy}, abstract ={Background: Overuse of antibiotics leads to microbial resistance, so that their arbitrary use leads to a higher level of microbial resistance, and ultimately, we need to have new and stronger antibiotics, which is a problem with these new antibiotics, "high cost and it's a catastrophic ". Today, in the community, such things as antibiotics and imported foods, and its impact on the health and consumption of antibiotics and its harm, remain unclear. The problem in this area is the lack of implementation or lack of guidelines, therefore, in this article we are going to examine the issue and solve it. Materials and Methods: In this study, more than 100 sites and related articles that have been documented by ourselves or other scientists, as well as the collection of experiences and articles we have gained over the past twenty years in the field of infectious and microbial diseases, as well as indexed articles, SCOPUS, DOAJ, ISI and so on. Conclusion: In the treatment of infectious patients with Iranian antibiotics self-sufficiency in the production of vaccine, strengthening the methods for accurate diagnosis of infections. Applied and operational research and purposeful use and rational administration of antibiotics to achieve resistance economics, as detailed in the text we will pay it.}, Keywords = {Infectious Diseases, Antibiotics, Microbial Resistance, Logical Transformation, Resistant Endurance, Bioturism}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {49-62}, publisher = {Lorestan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2591-en.html}, eprint = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2591-en.pdf}, journal = {Yafteh}, issn = {1563-0773}, eissn = {2981-0779}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Moradian, Mehdi}, title = {Explaining indicators of the personality of the Islamic Revolution in order to strengthen the impenetrability (from the perspective of Nahjul Balagheh)}, abstract ={Background: All revolutions occurred for ages have undergone two hard phases which has special importance. One is the occurrence of the revolution and the other is the constancy and continuity of the revolution, so as to achieve its goals. Sustaining and maintaining revolution is more arduous and difficult task between the two mentioned principals.The Islamic Republic revolution of Iran is not an exception and like the other revolutions has to use all its capacity for continuing, maintaining, and achieving its ideals. Materials and Methods:  Therefore, this study aimed to state the important indicators of people of the revolution in line with the principal of impenetrability and to introduce people of the revolutionby specifying these indicators with respect to the driving forces of the revolution. People of the revolution ought to collect both piety and impressing indicators as community properties. Further,they have to collect revolutionary morale and intuition indicators, and they need to avoid factors and bases of existing from the circle of revolutionary people. Results: So, we try to identify and introduce some kind of opportunity and threat present in the Islamic society by introducing the personality of the revolutionary people. These threats sometimes may appear among these seemingly revolutionary people. Conclusion: Since Imam Ali’s government has invaluable lessons similar to our revolution, we are going to specify signs and symptoms which a revolutionary person must have from Imam Ali’s perspective in Nahjulbalagheh, because some people may be both pious and from community properties but they may not be revolutionary people.}, Keywords = {Indicator, Personality, Style, Revolutionary, Influence, Nahjul Balagheh, Properties, Insight}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {63-73}, publisher = {Lorestan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2582-en.html}, eprint = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2582-en.pdf}, journal = {Yafteh}, issn = {1563-0773}, eissn = {2981-0779}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {VeisKarami, Meher}, title = {"Physiopathology of the soft deviation of Islamic society in Nahjolbalagheh; emphasis on the role of misleading elites}, abstract ={Background: The term  of soft war,although its new, but in the past time, the enemies of Islam have been implemented in the Islamic society . Therefore, the pathologies of soft warcan be traced back to religious texts. Imam Ali (AS), due to his short and blessed rule, has paid more attention to this than the other Ahlul-Bayt, in the Nahj al-Balaghah. The role of seductive special people in the soft war is remarkable. The special people in this article are those that are for any reason-right or wrong-to be considered by others. Materials and Methods: The present paper, with a library method and content analysis, examines the role of misleading special people in the soft war, and the gradual and unrecognizable transformation of values into the theoretical and practical values of dedication in the Islamic society. Results: The deviation of the Islamic society begins from the thought or behavior of special people. In the following, the deviation is transmitted to the mass of people as "doubt in the mind" and "lust in behavior". First, because of the conflict of Islamic beliefs with the lusty behavior of society, the punishment of collective conscience is formed. Here the special people betrayed again , as a theorizing of passions and anti-values, appears in the form of doubts and uncertainty.   Conclusion: Finally, collective guilt, psychological replaced by a false peace and society suffering from "wandering thoughts" and "drunkeness in action" and unable to understanding right. It is difficult to reform such a society.}, Keywords = {Soft war, Anti values, Nahj al-Balaghah, Misleading, Physiopathology, Deviation, Doubt and Lust}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {74-83}, publisher = {Lorestan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2583-en.html}, eprint = {http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2583-en.pdf}, journal = {Yafteh}, issn = {1563-0773}, eissn = {2981-0779}, year = {2017} }