72 1563-0773 Lorestan University of Medical Sciences 84 Comparative study of adverse effects of Olanzapine and Risperidone on blood suger, lipid and other side effects in psychotic disorders safa mitra saki mandana Mohammadi mohammad reza delfan bahram Tarrahi mohammad javad Rouhandeh masoume 1 10 2008 10 3 3 11 02 03 2009 14 11 2017 Safa M1, Mohammadi MR2, Saki M3, Delfan B4, Tarrahi MJ5, Rouhandeh M6 1. Assistant Professor, Department of psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 2. GP, Khorramabad, Iran 3. Instructor, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 4. Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 5. Instructor, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 6. BSc in Nursing, Khorramabad, Iran Abstract Background: Chronic mental disorders are among the problems in psychiatrics. Atypical anti psychotic drugs are new effective medications to treat these disorders. Unfortunately these drugs lead to side effects such as increase in blood glocuse, weight gain and edema. This study aims to investigate adverse effects of Olanzapine and Rispridone on lipid level and blood glocuse and other complications in patients with psychotic disorders. Materials and methods: This clinical trial-double blinded study, patients with psychotic disorders were randomly categorized into two groups. Group one treated with Olanzapine and other with Rispridone. All the subjects were initially assessed for blood sugar and lipids, and in the case of normal, they were randomly assigned to two groups in a double- blinded method to be treated with Olanzapine or Risperidone. Blood sugar and lipids tests were performed for all subjects at the 1st week and 3 months after initiation of therapy. Other complications were assessed too, then the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The results of the study indicated that the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and blood suger rose significantly at the 1st week and third month after beginning the treatment. Increase of cholesterol and triglyceride in the Olanzapine and Risperidone groups was significant, while blood sugar level showed no significant difference in these two groups. Other side effects including restlessness, impotence, weight again, edema and drowsiness were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study and the emphasis of other related studies on the metabolic changes of the body resulting from atypicad antipsychotic drugs, it is suggested that these drugs should be prescribed for high risk patients with great care and cautions.
85 Determination of Sialyl trnsferase activity and effect of Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation Mechanisms Halakhor sohrab Qujeq d Shikhpour ramin 1 10 2008 10 3 13 19 02 03 2009 14 11 2017 Halakhor S1, Qujeq D2, Shikhpour R3 1. Instructor, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2. Associate professor, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 3. GP, Babol, Iran Abstract Background: Previous reports show that phosphorylation anddephosphorylation mechanisms involve in regulation of sialyl transferaseactivity. The aim of this research was to study sialyl trnsferase activity with phosphorylation and dephosphorylation mechanisms. Materials and methods: This experimental trial study performed on 25 rats without signs of illness. Rat brains were pulled out and brain homogenization was done and then sialyl transferase purified purified from rat brain. Homogenization of rat brain is performed in the cephadex chromatography. We added protein kinaseokadaic acid and forbol to different groups. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS soft wave. Results: Results showed a significant increase in sialyl transferase activity in the control group, comparing with protein kinase C and okadaic acid groups.Results showed a significant decrease in sialyl transferase activity incontrol group, comparing with protein phosphatase and forbol groups. Conclusion: Our findings show that sialyl transferase of rat brain with protein kinase decreases enzyme activity and these results were in accordance with other studies in this respect. We found that treatment of rat brain sialyl transferase by protein phosphatase increases its activity. 86 Prevalence of delirium in hospitalized internal medicine and surgical adult patients in Shohadaye ashayer hospital of Khoram abad Asaee raheleh Nasari hedayat Hoseini somaye 1 10 2008 10 3 21 27 02 03 2009 14 11 2017 Asaee R1, Nasari H2,Hoseini S3 1. Assistant professor, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestanl University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 1. Assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestanl University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 2. G.P, Khorramabad, Iran Abstract Background: Delirium is common in elderly persons and in hospitalized patients especially after surgical procedures. But many of them are undetected and don’t receive treatment so they involve with increased mortality and morbidity, adverse outcomes, length of hospital stay and mental disability sequels. Unfortunetly , despite the importance of this syndrom , physicians and staff are able to diagnose only one thirth of the patients. Material and methods: In this cross sectional study, 240 inpatiants (120 from surgery ward and 120 from miernal medicine ward) from Shohadaye Ashayer hospital of Khorramabad were selected randomly. The diagnostic criteria for delirium were Mini-Mental state examination (MMSE) questionnaire, and patients daily examination for 4 days by MMSE. Results: Delirium was observed in 37 (30.8%) of the patients of internal medicine ward and 25 (20.8%) of the patients of surgery ward. 27 (22.5%) of the patients of internal medicine ward and 37 (30.8%) of the patients of surgery ward were suspicious for delirium. In age group of 58-77 years in surgery ward and patients over 77 years in internal medicine ward had the most frequency of delirium. There was significant relationship (p=0.01) between two sex in surgery ward. But there was not significant difference (p=0.92) between two sex in internal medicine ward for delirium. Conclusion: Reading the results of this study and frequency of delirum in surgery and internal medicine wards, presence of a psychiatrist in mentioned wards is necessary of early diagnosis and control of delirium. 87 Falah mohammad Kavand abdollah Yousefi Mash'ouf rasoul 1 10 2008 10 3 29 37 04 03 2009 13 10 2021 Falah M1, Kavand A2, Yousefi Mashouf R3 1. Professor, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2. MSc in Parasitology, Boroujerd Social Security Organization, Boroujerd, Iran 3. Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Abstract Background: Hydatid cyst, the larval stage or metacestode of Echinococcosis, is an infection caused by cestode species of the genus Echinococcus and often localized in viscera of animals and humans. Hydatid cyst is typically filled with a clear fluid (hydatid fluid) that is sterile bacteriologically. Bacterial infection of hydatid fluid is sometimes present, but not always, and this leads to sterilizing the cyst and prevents producing protoscoleces. In this study the bacterial infection rate of animals hydatid cyst in Hamadan and Boroujerd slaughterhouses were compared. Materials and methods: Referring to Hamadan and Boroujerd slaughterhouses a total of 5709 livestock were inspected for the presence of hydatid cysts. In infected livestock, cyst number, size (diameter), type, and fertility or infertility on the basis of protoscolex presence, and bacterial infection status were determined and recorded. The hydatid fluid of all the collected cysts was cultured separately for isolation and identification of bacterium. Results: Hydatid cysts were found in 6.5% of the animals in Hamadan and in 7% of the animals in Boroujerd. In Hamadan slaughterhouse, only 20% of cysts were fertile and the rest were infertile however, in Boroujerd slaughterhouse, 32% of the cysts were fertile. The isolated bacteria in infected cysts in Hamadan were as bellow: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Staphylococci β-hemolytic and non hemolytic, Pseudomonas and Edwardsiella. The most common bacteria in Hamadan were E. coli (23.94%) and Klebsiella (22.5%), and in Boroujerd E. coli (35.7%) and Klebsiella (42.8%). In Boroujerd the rates were 93% and 7% respectively. Conclusion: This study indicated that the infection rate of hydatid cysts was not statistically significant in the two regions of Hamadan and Boroujerd. A high percentage of cysts in both regions were infected bacteriologically. 88 The effect of water birth on the duration of labor and pain level in comparision with land birth Akbari soheila Rashidi nosratollah Changavi farahnaz Janani fatemeh Tarrahi mohammad javad 1 10 2008 10 3 39 46 04 03 2009 Akbari S1, Rashidi N2, Changavi F3, Janani F3, Tarrahi MJ4 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 2. GP, Khorramabad, Iran 3. Instructor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 4. Instructor, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Abstract Background: Due to the objectives of the World Health Organization and ministry of health concerning decreasing the rate of cesarean section, elective cesarean substitutes have to be investigated. Consequently, this study tried to evaluate the effect of water birth as a vaginal delivery method without the physician intervention on decreasing the pain level and the labor duration. Materials and methods: This clinical trial study was carried out on 100 G1 and G2 pregnant women of 38 to 42-week pregnancy referring to Assalian Clinic. The samples were divided into two 50-member groups undergoing either water birth or land birth. The labor duration, as well as the pain level were evaluated and analyzed statistically using Chi-Square, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney test, and the p<0.05 criterion was considered to be significant. Results: We found that the average duration of the active phase of pregnancy for water birth was 3.1±0.8 hours compared to the same duration in the opposite group which was 4.7±0.8 hours showing a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05). Moreover, the duration of the second stage of water birth group was 0.53±0.22 hours in comparison with 0.88 ± 0.43 hours for the second group. Based on the p<0.05 criterion, the duration of the second stage of labor significantly decreased for water birth. The pain levels were determined in both groups using Visual Analog Score, which are: 3.53 ± 0.79 and 6.96 ± 1.7 for water birth and land birth respectively based on the criterion, and the decrease in the pain level was considered to be significant for water birth. Conclusion: Results of the study suggested that the water birth may have been a non-pharmaceutical and non-invasive substitute for the selected cesarean cases due to the shorter labor, the lower pain level, and the lowered physician intervention. 89 The effect of chronic stress in pregnant mothers on the responsiveness to morphine in mice: a behavioral sensitization study Nazari zahra Sahraei hedayat Sadoughi mehr angiz 1 10 2008 10 3 47 56 08 03 2009 13 10 2021 Nazari Z1, Sahraei H2, Sadoughi M3 1. MSc in Animal Biology (physiology trend), Lorestan Education Organization, Khorramabad, Iran 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baghyatallah University of Mesical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Abstract Background: The mechanisms which are plots for individuals willing to use Morphine are not yet recognized. Carried out researches indicated that tendency to narcotics is increased during stress or after it. In this research we studied the desire change of the second generation to morphine using induced restraint stress which is a kind of behavioral sensitization. Materials and methods: This research was a kind of experimental interferer. At first mice were crossed after insuring about their pregnancy, Sub stress was put on them using special instruments. Some of the embryos head was cut to be studied histologically. After maturing their embryos in order to clarify their left and right handedness to be studied using T-Maze and they were compared with the control group. In order to find the effectiveness of the administrated acute morphine, five groups of stressed and non-stressed were chosen Both groups were divided into five: a control (without being injected), saline, Morphine 1 mg/kg, morphine 10 mg/kg and morphine 50 mg/kg. They were studied. Movement measuring done after being injected by open filled. Mentioned groups in the previous experiment, In order to determine their previous induced sensitization, were reexamined 48 hours after being injected 1 mg/kg morphine. Results: Findings showed that the tissue thickness on the frontal cortex in stressed group was less than the control group (p<0.01) And also the number of stressed right handedness in males was less, but the number of left handedness in female ones was higher. Injection low dose morphine in experimental group had no effect, but in high dose caused induced motion activations. But this motion activity was much less than the control group. The low dose morphine injection (1 mg/Kg) in stressed groups caused induced motion activities which this action in dose 50mg/kg was significant statistically (** P<0/01). Conclusion: Results showed that inducing a psychological relatively slight stress (a short-term restrain) could cause major changes, firstly in embryos brain and secondly in right handedness and left handedness and thirdly a response to morphine. 90 Prevalence of behavioural problems of Khorramabad pre-school children Malekshahi faride farhadi ali 1 10 2008 10 3 57 65 08 03 2009 Malekshahi F1, Farhadi A2 1. Instructor, Department of Society Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 2. Instructor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Abstract Background: Childhood period it one of the most important stages of life in which individuals personality is formed. The majority of behavioral problems are due to attention deficit to the sensitive periods of childhood. This attention deficit leads to lack of agreement with environment and causes behavioural problems in children. Behavioural problem is attributed to a persons behaviour that his IQ isn lowered, but his or her mental and behavioural equilibrium is deviated from social norm and has severity, repetition and continuance in numerous times and places, so that his educational performance and behaviour will be frustrated and his efficiency is reduced. Such children are always rejected by others and in school there are a lot of grievances against them. Therefore, to pay attention children common behavioural problems is one of the most important topics and it prompt detection makes its treatment possible. So this study designed to determine prevalence of behavioural problems of Khorramabad pre-school children. Materials and methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study was carried out on 600 rural and urban pre-school children selected using random one stage sampling method. Data gathering tool was a two-part questionnaire including demographic and behavioural disorders signs obtained from DSM IV. Reability and validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the university teaching members and retest method with a correlation coefficient 98%. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (ver 11) and Ch-square test. Results: Results of the study showed that 79% of the rural, and 68% of the urban children were at least involved in one of the behavioural problems. Anxiety, withdrawal and social isolation, too much irrelevant peevishing and crying were higher in urban children, and behavioural problems such as, urinary incontinence, night fear, teeth gnashing, hitting the head against the wall, sleep disorders were higher in rural children. Some of the children behavioural problems such as urinary incontinence, stammering, onychophagia and … had a significant relation with sex, as well as between age, job, educational level of the parents, birth rank, and some behavioural problems a significant relation was observed. Conclusion: These findings showed that most of the pre-school children somehow suffer from behavioural problems, they need more attention and support in the area of mental health which require an accurate and comprehensive planning. So study of children mental health level in the stations of measurement and mental health services in the schools, and education to teachers and parents in order to prevent behavioural disorders, and ontime diagnosis and treatment are necessary. 91 Study of total count, E. coli and coliforms contamination of raw milk from letdown stage till delivery to factory in Lorestan province Yarahmadi behrouz Mahdavi hamid reza Moaydinezhad azam 1 10 2008 10 3 67 78 08 03 2009 20 06 2021 Yarahmadi B1, Mahdavi HR2, Moaydinezhad A4 1. Research Instructor, Department of Animal Products, Lorstan Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Khorramabad, Iran 2. Research Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Products, Karaj Animal Science Research Institue, Karaj, Iran 3. MSc in Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Hamadan Bou Ali University, Hamadan, Iran Abstract Background: The primary quality of raw milk is affected by several factors including animal nutrition, animal health, milk components, and its bacterial activity and these factors are effective on the final products. Therefore, the quality of raw milk depends on time and milk condition from production to delivery. In Lorestan, 97% of the milk production is obtained from rural and small units. This study was carried out to determine the factors affecting the bacteriological quality of raw milk from letdown phase till delivery to factory and to find out the critical points of bacterial contamination in the years 2003 and 2004. Materials and methods: In this study, the collecting centers of raw milk with a capacity of more than 3 tons, between 1.5 to 3 tons, and fewer than 1.5 tons were included as the centers with high, moderate, and low capacity respectively. The sampling stages consisted of cow milk letdown, milk collecting equipment, milk collecting tankers, milk cooling tanks, and milk delivery to factory. Microbial experiments consisted of standard plate count (SPC), E. coli, and coliforms. All the collected samples were 45 ones in each month and 540 samples in a year. Being converted to Log10, the data were analyzed by the SPSS software (version 11.5) and GLM procedure was used to determine the effects of month, capacity of centers, and sampling stages. Results: Based on the results of the study, the average total count (TC) in all seasons in Lorestan province was 6.43 0.37cfu/m. The effects of month, capacity of centers, and the sampling stages on TC, E. coli, and coliforms were statistically significant (p<0.01). Additionally, the lowest TC (6.31 0.38cfu/m) was in January while the highest (6.57 0.31cfu/m) was in August. Moreover, the decreasing trend of TC started from September and was the lowest in January and February. Correlation coefficients showed that there was a significant positive correlation between TC and E. coli (r=0.79) and TC and coliforms (r=0.90, p<0.01). Conclusion: The major problems of milk collecting in Lorestan province are the long distances of some milk collecting centers from the milk factories as well as the long milk delivery time which play important roles in increasing TC from letdown stage till delivery to factory in addition to the insufficient road facilities in some of the villages in Lorestan province. 92 Determination of corrosion and sedimentation potential in drinking water distribution system of khorramabad city by corrosion indices and weight loss method Pirialam reza Shams khorramabadi ghodratollah Shahmansouri mohammad reza Farzadkiya mehdi 1 10 2008 10 3 79 86 08 03 2009 13 10 2021 Pirialam R1, Shams khorramabadi Gh2, Shahmansouri MR3, Farzadkiya M4 1. MSc in Environmental Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 3. Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 4. Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abstract Background: According to the standard, drinking water must not be corrosive. Corrosive water solve primery materials of pipes, joints and valves in municipal water distribution systems and home plumbing systems and cause a lot of health, aesthetic and economic problems in water distribution systems. Thus, determination of corrosion potential of drinking water using methods which are feasible and reliable is necessary, and corrosion should be controlled in drinking water for water sanitation and health promotion among citizens. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out to determine water corrosivity or sedimentation potential in Khorramabad city, using corrosion indices. In this project 50 points as samples in two stages in the Summer and Autumn seasons were determined, and amount of corrosion indices, including Langelier Indice, Ryzener indice, Aggressive indice and Pokurious indice, corrosivity and temperature, calcium hardness, alkalinity, total dissolved solid and PH were calculated two times within a 3-month interval, then the data obtained from results were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests. Results: Results of corrosion indices show that drinking water of Khorramabad is in equilibrium condition and has tendency to corrosion. Calculated corrosion indices are as fllows: Langelier (-0.157), Ryzener (7.86), Aggressive (11.626), and Pokurious indice (7.65). Conclusion: Statistical tests of Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient don indicate significant relationship between quality parameters with corrosion indices Results of corrosion indices showed that drinking water of Khorramabad is inclined to corrosion. 93 The rate of Aflatoxin contamination of bread losses in Lorestan provinces Azadbakht nader Khosravinegad kobra Tarrahi mohammad javad 1 10 2008 10 3 87 96 08 03 2009 22 11 2017 Azadbakht N1, Khosravinegad K2, Tarrahi MJ3 1. MSc in plant pathology, Khorramabad, Iran 2. BSc in livestock sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 3. Instrustor, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad, Iran Abstract Background: Aflatoxins belong to a group of toxins called mycotoxins that infection with them can cause complications in humans such as immunity weakness, lung syndrome, liver cancer, esophagus cancer and hemagglutination, and are inhibitor of RNA and protein, as well as cause numorous complications in genital, respiratory and the digestive systems and because of their poisoning and carcinogenic and tumorigenic properties, cause numorous complications in livestock. This research was carried out to determine the rate of Aflatoxine contamination of bread losses in Lorestan province and its comparison with standard levels reported by WHO and FAO. Materials and methods: This study was done by field and laboratory method on 180 samples of losses dried bread in 2009 with randomized distribution in Lorestan provine and detection of samples contamination to aflatoxin was done by HPLC floresence apparatus. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (α=5%). Results: The median rate of types of aflatoxin: B1,B2,G1 and G2 total types of aflatoxin in bread losses (infected, semi-infected and safe) in Lorestan were 22.5304,2.4369,0.1923,0.1022 and 25.2636 (µg/kg). Average of minimum and maximum infection to aflatoxin with all types of aflatoxin belonged to Khorramabad (42.9403 and 47.7153 µg/kg) and Borujerd (1.8611 and 1.9833) respectively. Average rate of aflatoxin type B1 in infected, semi-infected and safe bread are 64.0536, 1.9167, 0.5629 (µg/kg) and average rate of all types of aflatoxin in infected, and safe breads were: 72.0257,1.9990 and 05753 (µg/kg). Also rate of aflatoxin B1 in 29 out of 180 samples are more than standard level and total rate of different types of aflatoxin in 18 samples were more than standard levels. Conclusion: Results of the carried out studies showed that the milk of the cows feeding dried bread contains large amount of Aflatoxin’s metabolites, so the consumption of losses dried bread must be forbidden for livestock and humans too.