Yafteh

Background: Aquaporins are the trans-membrane water channels which transport water on both sides of the plasma membrane. Aquaporin1, express in the apical membrane of epithelial cells of choroid plexus and has got the important role in cerebrospinal fluid secretion. In hydrocephalus and brain injuries, Aquaporin1 overexpress in central nervous system. Honey Bee Venom (HBV) contains a wide range of biologically active components with anti-inflammatory and inhibitory effects on Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump and protein kinase-C function. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of HBV on Aquaporin1 expression in epithelial cells of choroid plexus in lateral ventricles of rat brain in culture.
Materials and Methods: After harvesting the choroid plexus tissue and performing the enzymatic and mechanical digestion, cells were seeded in DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% streptomycin penicillin. After one week, cells were treated for 24 hours with 0.5, 2 and 4 µg/ml of HBV. The effect of HBV on cells viability and Aquaporin1expression evaluated with MTT assay and flow-cytometry method (respectively). All experiments were done three times and data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 statistical software and P< 0.05 was chosen as the level of significance.
Results: the results of the MTT The result showed that 5.7 µg/ml HBV can induce an approximately 50% choroid plexus epithelial cells death. Due to the results of the flow- cytometry Aquaporin1 decreased as dose dependent manner after 24 hours from treating.
Conclusion: Due to decreasing of the Aquaporin1 expression in HBV-treated cultured choroid plexus epithelial cells, HBV can be used in improving disease condition with increasing intracranial pressure.

Background: Nowadays, neurofeedback is used as a new method to improve the symptoms of ADHD and epilepsy. The effectiveness of this new therapeutic approach in various disorders has been investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of this treatment in patients with hyperactivity and epilepsy.
Materials and Methods: This study was quasi-experimental with pretest and post test and the control group. The study population comprised all the children with ADHD and epilepsy in Karaj. The sample consisted of 60 infected children (15 indivuduals suffering from ADHD, 15 people with epilepsy and 30 controls) who were selected by the random sampling method. In the pre-test, the behavioral behavior (executive summary) for children was completed. This tool reflects the teacher's view of student behaviors in the field of executive functions. In fact, it provides a tool for screening the performance problems. Executable executive functions in this log include inhibition, flexibility, emotional control, initiation, work memory, planning / organizing, inventory management and monitoring. To conduct the research, the beta / theta program was used for all the subjects. The aim was to increase theta waves and decrease beta waves. After completing 10 sessions (5 weeks and 2 sessions per week), the neurofeedback was run and the log was re-entered. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used to analyze the data and the one-variable covariance method was used to infer the data. Spss version 18 was used to analyze the data.
Results: The findings of the research indicated that the performance scores in the pre-test and post-test of the studied groups were significantly different )P<0.001(. Moreover, the effect of neurofeedback treatment on the improvement of executive functions in the ADHD group was higher than the epileptic and control groups )P<0.001(.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, neurofeedback is efficient but its effect is different in patients with ADHD and epilepsy. Hence, the use of neurofeedback is more effective in improving the performance of ADHD patients. These results can be useful in the field of overactive treatment using novel methods.

Background: Today, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disease among young adults. Physical activity is mentioned as the most important factor in preventing diseases and living a healthy life. Although advances in disease-modifying drugs have helped stabilize the course of MS, which increases life expectancy, in most MS patients the symptoms worsen over time. In this regard, physical exercise programs are considered as a safe and tolerable tool. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the effects of exercise on some pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in people with MS.
Research Method: In this study, articles related to keywords were searched in PabMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science specialized databases in English and Jihad Daneshgahi, Mag Iran and IranDock databases in Persian. Inclusion criteria include: Persian or English language of the article, availability of the full text of the article, desired time period, evaluation of the effect of regular physical activity in patients with MS, evaluation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors and exclusion criteria The use of other methods and interventions, such as the use of drugs other than the usual drugs or supplements during the training period.
Results: Out of 408 articles received from domestic and foreign databases in the last 20 years, 19 articles were reviewed after applying input and output variables. The Pedro Information Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. In the studied studies, aerobic or endurance exercises (6 studies), resistance (5 studies), combination (8 studies) have been used. Among inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in eleven studies (57.9%) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) in eight studies (42.1%) were the most widely used indices.
Conclusion: We conclude that although interventions such as exercise have improved the functional and clinical outcomes of patients with multiple sclerosis, these improvements may not be due solely to changes in cytokine levels or inflammatory markers. Exercise is an accessible alternative that not only does not increase inflammation or disease severity, but also helps these patients by reducing their risk of secondary disorders and restrictions on community participation.

Background: Head trauma and subsequent traumatic brain injury are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Iran. The present study aimed to assess the abnormal findings of brain computed tomography (CT) scan in motorcyclist patients with traumatic brain injury.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study (July-September 2016) was conducted on all motorcyclist patients over 12 years who were referred for brain CT scan to the Emergency Department of Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Shiraz. Patients' archived medical files were reviewed, and a data collection form including age, gender, and findings related to acute trauma and incidental findings were completed. The obtained data were then statistically analyzed.
Results:  A total of 642 patients were enrolled. The mean age score of participants was reported as 33.61±17.12 years. All patients were male. A number of 51 (7.9%) patients had abnormal findings in their brain CT scans. The most-reported findings were skull-based (23%) and cranial linear (17%) fractures. No incidental findings (findings unrelated to acute trauma) were found. Moreover, 8 (15.7%) patients died with abnormal findings in their brain CT scans.
Conclusion: Since in the present study, only 7.9% of the patients had abnormal findings in their brain CT scan and considering the comparison of the results of this research with those obtained in other similar studies, brain CT scan is highly used in this center.