Touran Shahraki, Mansour Shahraki, Gholamreza Soleimani, Omid Eslami,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background: Recurrent abdominal pain is one of the common complaints in childhood. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori and giardiasis in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to investigate some risk factors in both infections.
Materials and Methods: In a case-control study 50 symptomatic children and 50 healthy children at Pediatric Center in Zahedan, Iran from 2014-2015 were enrolled. All cases had gastric complaints and undergone endoscopy. Children in both groups were examined for detecting H.pylori stool antigen and presence of giardia infection by direct examination of stools. Risk factors were recorded in both groups by a questionnaire.
Results: 100 children with the age of 6.2 ± 3.7 (58 female) were included. H.pylori stool antigen was positive in 32(64%) cases and 10 (20%) in control group which showed significant differences. Also, endoscopic antral gastritis with colonization of helicobacter pylori were found in 46 cases (92%). Giardiasis was detected in 12% patients and 6% controls, respectively. Co-infection with H. pylori and giardiasis was present in 8% of patients compared to 2% of controls. There was no difference between groups regarding some risk factors except more using common bed in cases.
Conclusion: Co-infection with H.pylori and giardiasis was more frequent in children with recurrent abdominal pain compare to control group. More attention to hygienic conditions in the community is recommended.
Farzanehsadat Minoo,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background: Kidney transplant patients should be regularly visited to prevent complications.
A 42-year old female, who had received a kidney transplant 4 months previously, was admitted to hospital due to increased creatinine of up to 3.5 mg/dl. She was first treated for a urinary infection, resulting in a decrease of creatinine level. Then a decreasing immunosuppressive dose was given, due to a BK positive result. A creatinine level increase resulted, and acute cellular rejection was reported in a kidney biopsy. Next methyl prednisolone was administered, and finally, creatinine level became normal.
Mahshid Mehdizadeh, Hoda Kouhestani, Maria Tavakoli Ardakani, Elham Roshandel, Masoud Soleimani,
Volume 23, Issue 0 (11-2021)
Abstract
Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potential solution in the treatment of many blood malignancies and immune disorders, graft versus host disease (GVHD) has posed many challenges. Chronic (c)GVHD is one of the leading causes of death in acute GVHD survivors. Up to 70% of transplanted patients will experience cGVHD. Various studies have demonstrated the essential role of B cells in the development of cGVHD. These cells use various mechanisms in triggering cGVHD, including production of alloantibodies, activation of complement system, promoting antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, and cross-presentation of antigens and immune complexes to CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells. B cells can also interfere the peripheral tolerance of T cells. High level of alloreactive and autoreactive B cells as well as low level of regulatory B cells are observed in cGVHD patients, and are associated with the cGVHD severity. Therefore, B cell subsets should be considered in the transplantation procedure. B cell manipulation and targeting in allogeneic transplantation could be a promising approach to prevent and control cGVHD. In this article, we reviewed the roles of B cells in the pathophysiology of cGVHD.
Leila Noorazar, Mahshid Mehdizadeh, Behrouz Farhadi Hosseinabadi, Sayeh Parkhideh, Abbas Hajifathali,
Volume 23, Issue 0 (11-2021)
Abstract
Background: Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) is one of the most common types of blood malignancies and has a high mortality rate in the world. Cytogenetic abnormalities are one of the several risk factors that have been suggested for this disease. With advances in the design and use of various drugs for AML treatment, leukemic cells using various mechanisms can become resistant to the cytotoxicity of drugs. Indeed, these factors result in cancer survival and treatment failure. On the other hand, predicting prognosis and relapse of the disease depends on drug resistance of leukemic cells and choosing of treatment process. Our aim in this review article is to investigate the most common ways of AML treatment failure. By knowing these factors, more effective drugs are produced and new therapeutic protocoles are used in the treatment of AML.
Samad Nazarpoor, Roshanak Akbari, Arash Amin, Zahra Rahimi, Amin Adinevand, Samad Darabian,
Volume 23, Issue 0 (11-2021)
Abstract
Background: High pulmonary hypertension is a progressive and life threatening disease that affects the pulmonary arteries and the right side of the human heart. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative frequency of pulmonary hypertension in patients referred to the echocardiography unit of Shahid Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad city 2020.
materials and methods:In this descriptive-analytical study, 600 echocardiographs performed in the echocardiography unit of Shahid Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad were studied and information such as demographic and clinical features were extracted; Data were collected using SPSS 22 software and statistically analyzed.
Results: Out of 600 patients who underwent echocardiography, 87 (14.5%) had pulmonary hypertension. Out of 87 patients with pulmonary hypertension, 71% (62 patients) were over 55 years old. Also, 51% (45 people) were women. About 56% (49 patients) had heart failure with decreased output fraction and valvular diseases. Among the demographic variables, a significant relationship was observed between age and pulmonary hypertension.
Conclusion: Due to the fact that this disease is more common in people with heart failure and older people, so diagnostic and therapeutic measures should be more sensitive than these people.
Afsaneh Badrizadeh, Hasan Rezaii Jamaloi, Mostafa Khanzadeh, Saeid Foroughi, Mandana Saki,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background: One of the public health challenges in the worldwide is diabetes, and adherence to treatment is crucial. Adherence to treatment can help reduce the complications of the disease. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the status of adherence to treatment among patients with type 2 diabetes in Khorramabad.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 392 men and women with type 2 diabetes referred to comprehensive health centers in Khorramabad between May and August 2016 were studied. Demographic questionnaire and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) were used to collect data. Version 22 SPSS and descriptive analysis were used to analyze the data. Significance level in the present study was less than 0.05. Descriptive tests, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-test were used.
Results: The mean age of study participants was 56.03 ± 10.91. 68.9% (270 people) were women and 31/1% (122 people) were men. According to the score obtained from the Morisky questionnaire, a total of 219 patients (55/9%) followed the desired treatment and 173 (44/1%) followed the unfavorable treatment. There was a significant relationship between patients' adherence to treatment with the variables of gender, marital status, educational status, and their monthly income. No statistically significant between age and employment status with adherence to treatment were observed.
Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that adherence to treatment among patients with type 2 diabetes in Khorramabad is in a good level. Health policy makers should strive to ensure that all patients adhere to their treatment process with easy access to services and reduced costs.
Samad Darabian, Faride Malekshahi, Sara Bahrami,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a chronic and debilitating disease that has several factors that affect its occurrence, so trying to identify these factors and modify them is worth considering. In this regard, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between different blood groups and Rh with diabetes mellitus type 2.
Materials and Methods: This study is a case-control study that was conducted in Khorramabad city on a total of 620 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals who were randomly selected. Study data including demographic variables and blood type and Rh were extracted through files registered in health centers. SPSS23 software was used to collect data. Frequency tables of chi-square, t-test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.
Results: The mean age of the subjects was 49.25±12.4. 59.2% of the subjects were female. In this study, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of age and gender. There was a significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals in family history, BMI and hypertension. There was no difference in the type of Rh between the two groups in terms of blood and Rh groups, but in the case of blood groups, blood group A had a higher percentage compared to the control group. While there was no obvious difference between other blood groups in the case and control groups.
Conclusion: According to our results, people with blood type A, as well as people with high BMI, high blood pressure and a family history of diabetes, are at higher risk for developing the disease. Necessary measures to prevent the disease for these people at risk should be taken to reduce the prevalence of the disease in society.
Reza Mirfakhraie, Bentolhoda Kuhestani Dehaghi, Mahshid Mahdizadeh, Mohammad Hossein Kazemi, Elham Roshandel,
Volume 23, Issue 5 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Despite recent advances in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is still one of the most challenging post-transplant complications with a considerable mortality rate. Various strategies, including chemotherapy, depletion of T lymphocytes, monoclonal antibodies, corticosteroids, and other immunosuppressive drugs are used to reduce GVHD incidence, which usually increases the risk of cancer relapse and various infections in patients. The recently conducted studies have introduced oncolytic virotherapy as a promising solution to prevent GVHD and enhance the graft-versus-tumor effects. Oncolytic viruses are non-pathogenic viruses capable of selective lysis of cancer cells. These viruses can differentiate between allogeneic T lymphocytes and hematopoietic stem cells, and suppress allogeneic T cells. This review study aimed to discuss the mechanisms of oncolytic virotherapy in reducing the incidence of GVHD.
Azita Zafar Mohtashami, Gholam Reza Lashkarara, Yadollah Etemadi,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background: Cancer remains the second leading cause of death globally, with more than half of cancer cases occurring in developing countries. For cancer prevention and control, we need to determine the burden of cancer and its changes according to diverse factors, such as age and gender. It is mandatory to expand the cancer registration system and supervise its functions carefully. The information obtained from Lorestan Cancer Registry will be utilized for therapeutic, research, and academic purposes.
Materials and Methods: The residents of Lorestan province from 2014-2017 were regarded as the target population. The registered cancer cases in pathology centers, medical records, imaging centers, and death registration centers were considered the incident cases. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using the standard population of the World Health Organization. We used the population census of 2010 and 2015 for calculations. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26). The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results: In this study, the rate of cancer in Lorestan was higher in men (103.37 per 100,000) than that in women (83.30 per 100,000). The most common registered cancers in Lorestan were stomach, breast, and skin. Within the study period time, the highest median age scores (in years) were recorded as 74, 69, and 66 for prostate, esophagus, and stomach cancers, while the lowest median age scores were reported as 45, 43, and 48 for the brain, thyroid , and breast cancers, respectively.
Conclusion: The incidence of colorectal and lung cancer is on the rise in Lorestan province, which needs more investigation. It is necessary to review the administration of the cancer registration program to ensure that the contribution of data collection resources is reasonable and within the expected range. The incidence rate of some cancers in Borujerd was higher than that in the entire province, which requires etiological studies.
Afshin Moghadasi,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes an asymmetric pattern in the strength of the muscles on both sides of the body. So far, the amount of asymmetry in the isometric strength of knee muscles in Iranian women with MS has not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the extent of bilateral asymmetry in the isometric strength of knee flexor and extensor muscles in Iranian women with MS.
Materials and Methods: This is a causal-comparative study. From 93 MS patients, 27 females (20-50 years with an expanded disability status scale of less than 4) were selected as the statistical sample. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee flexor and extensor muscles was measured at the angles of 20 and 70 degrees using a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. The asymmetric score in muscle strength was also calculated as a percentage of the ratio between the peak torque isometric strength in the muscles of the weak leg to the strong one. The data were analyzed using the correlated t-test at the 95% confidence level.
Results: The results showed a significant difference in MVIC of the knee extensor and flexor muscles between the strong and the weak leg at the angles of 20 and 70 degrees in the statistical sample of the present study (P=0.001). Additionally, in terms of asymmetry in strength, the results showed that the highest percentage of bilateral asymmetry between strong and weak legs was in the strength of knee extensor muscle at the angle of 20 degrees (31.2%), and the lowest percentage was in knee flexor muscles at 70 degrees (16.1%).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the asymmetric rate in the strength of flexor and extensor muscles of the strong and weak leg is about 16% to 31% in Iranian women with MS with an expanded disability status scale of less than 4.
Meysam Behzadifar, Saeed Shahabi, Ahad Bakhtiari, Samad Azari, Seyed Jafar Ehsanzadeh, Masoud Behzadifar,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background: Primary healthcare (PHC) is the best method to provide primary healthcare for the people, and is the most efficient and effective way to achieve and improve a high level of health in any society. Failure to pay attention to PHC and low-quality health services can lead to an increase in various diseases, and consequently a higher number of death toll in any society, which would cause economic damages. PHC in Iran received a lot of attention after the revolution in 1979. In PHC, a healthcare network was established throughout the country. With the development of PHC in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the causes of death have decreased, and the death due to infectious diseases, pregnancy, and childbirth problems have also decreased. Despite the vast achievements of PHC in Iran, in recent years, enough attention has not been paid to its reconstruction and consecration. Lack of sufficient financial resources, non-implementation of family doctors in cities and executive problems in family doctors, lack of human resources, lack of attention to the education of students in the health sector, their lack of students’ interest in learning the activities of this field, and structural and administrative problems are some of the existing challenges. Results of the present study suggest that policymakers in Iran need to invest more in PHC in order to improve health indicators, reduce patient admissions to hospitals, and make more appropriate use of limited financial resources. Using the infrastructure that already exists in this sector and strengthening the network of PHC play an important role in reducing household expenses; also, the position of the family doctor and its functions can be properly implemented in the society.
Keywords: Primary healthcare, Iran, Health policy.
Sara Farajpour Khazaei, Javad Vakili, Vahid Sari Sarraf,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: Dysfunction of mitochondria is associated with such diseases as obesity, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Training plays a major role in the improvement of mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training on some mitophagy indices in the liver tissue, including BNIP3 and NIX in type 2 diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 three-month-old adult male Wistar rats with a weight range (250-300 g) were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 series, including healthy control (C), Diabetic control (D), and diabetic+Training (D+T). The training protocol includes running with intensity at 85%-90% of maximum speed in 6-12 two-minute intervals five days a week for eight weeks. A method based on Western blotting was used to determine changes in the expression of BNIP3 and NIX proteins in the liver tissue of rats. The one-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data.
Results: Diabetes increased BNIP3 and NIX proteins; nonetheless, it was not significant. The changes of NIX in the trained diabetic group were about 57% less than in the diabetic control group, and this difference was significant (P=0.033), while BNIP3, despite a 37% decrease, did not change significantly (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Eight weeks of intense intermittent training caused a significant decrease in the expression of proteins involved in mitophagy in the training group. Nonetheless, arriving at a definite conclusion on these indicators and how they are affected by different conditions depends on conducting further studies.
Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian, Meysam Behzadifar, Aziz Rezapour, Samad Azari, Masoud Behzadifar,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can lead to serious complications and have adverse effects on physical and mental well-being in young people. This review aimed to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD among Iranians aged 6 to 18 years.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by systematic review and meta-analysis methods. A detailed search was performed on various international and Iranian databases from January 2000 to January 2023. The international databases included Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, while the Iranian databases consisted of MagIran and SID. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Overall prevalence was estimated using the random-effects model and DerSimonian and Laird criteria with a 95% confidence interval. The Q-Cochrane test and the I2 index were used to assess heterogeneity between studies. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed to ensure the reliability of the results. Data analysis was performed in Stata12 software.
Results: Finally, 9 studies were selected for analysis, of which, 7 studies were of good quality, while 2 studies were of average quality based on the assigned scores. According to the random-effects model, the overall prevalence of NAFLD in Iranian individuals aged 6 to 18 years was 35% with a 95% confidence interval (24% to 46%).
Conclusion: The results of our study revealed a high prevalence of NAFLD in Iranian individuals aged 6 to 18 years. Policymakers and healthcare planners in Iran must implement educational programs aimed at the prevention and early diagnosis of this disease.
Saeed Daraie, Shirin Hasanvand, Fateme Goudarzi,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (8-2023)
Abstract
Background: The unstable condition of tracheostomy patients and the lack of support resources for patients and their families during discharge is the biggest challenge, especially for their home and non-professional caregivers. The present study aimed to identify the factors affecting the care of tracheostomy patients provided by home caregivers.
Materials and Methods: This qualitative research was conducted from September 2018 to December 2019 using the content analysis method and interviews with nine home caregivers and one professional caregiver in Lorestan Province, Iran. The required data were collected by holding in-depth semi-structured interviews and continued until reaching data saturation. Simultaneously, the gathered data were analyzed using the 5-step approach of Graneheim and Lundman (2004).
Results: The results led to the extraction of 2 themes of preventing and facilitating care factors, 7 categories, and 21 subcategories. The categories related to the theme (preventing factors) of patient care challenges included neglecting the caring role of informal caregivers by the healthcare system, interaction challenges, the high pressure of caregiving, and lack of trust. The categories related to the facilitating factors theme were the experience of the care facilitating over time, the intensification of care with the aim of prevention, and hope and inner satisfaction underlying the care.
Conclusion: The challenges of the family's lack of readiness to accept the new role, the exhausting nature of caregiving, and the caregivers’ lack of skills, and as a result, the imposition of a burden of caregiving, and the emergence of harmful consequences for them in various dimensions, the existence of non-governmental organizations that aim to continue to care for these patients and support their families seems necessary. With support systems and gaining experience over time, the care transition process is facilitated.
Saeed Naimi, Vahid Valipour Dehnou, Masoud Moeini,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (8-2023)
Abstract
Background: Functional disorder of the nervous system is one of the consequences of type 2 diabetes. Aβ-40 and IGF-1 are probably involved in this mechanism. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training on Aβ-40 and IGF-1 proteins in the hippocampus of rats with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: A total of 32 8-week-old male Wistar rats were placed in 4 groups: control (C), diabetes (D), diabetes training (DT), and training (T). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection. The training was performed for six weeks. To measure proteins, the ELISA method was used, and a one-way ANOVA test was used for data analysis.
Results: The amount of Aβ-40 in group D was different from that of DT, T, and C groups (P<.05). The DT group displayed a significant difference from the C and T groups (P<.05). Aβ-40 levels were not different between T and C groups (P=0.604). The amount of IGF-1 in the D group was lower compared to all groups (P=0.001). Nonetheless, the DT group had no difference from the C and T groups (P>.05). The amount of IGF-1 in the T group was different only from the D group (P=0.001). The positive (Aβ-40) and negative (IGF-1) correlations were observed with blood glucose (P=0.001, r=0.850 and P=0.001, r=-0.814).
Conclusion: Diabetes increases Aβ-40 and decreases IGF-1. Nevertheless, exercise moderates the effect of diabetes on them. Considering the appropriate duration of exercise and the correlation of these proteins with blood glucose, an increase in the intensity of aerobic training may further regulate the negative effect of diabetes on these two proteins.
Bahram Kamarehie, Mohsen Saki Jafari, Ali Jafari, Mansour Ghaderpoori,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (8-2023)
Abstract
Background: Using baking soda and salt in preparing bread has different health effects on consumers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the amount of baking soda, the percentage of salt, and the pH value in all kinds of bread produced in Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran, in 2019.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on bread consumed in Khorramabad during 12 months. The total number of samples was equal to 72 samples, including 24 Berber bread, 24 Sangak bread, and 24 lavash bread. The pH value, percentage of salt, and baking soda of baked samples, in each bread sample and in each season, was determined by standard method 2628.
Results: The max and min pH values were observed in Berber (6.47) and Sangak (5.10) breads, respectively. The max and min percentage of salt was observed in Berber and Sangak breads and lavash, respectively. In all the analyzed breads, on average, the min and max salt percentages were equal to 0.39 and 1.67, respectively.
Conclusion: Although the amount of baking soda in the preparation of bread has decreased compared to the last decade, the results of this study and other studies show that the unauthorized use of baking soda in the preparation of bread, especially Sangak and Berber, is still continuing in the country, especially in Khorramabad. Therefore, carrying out control and monitoring measures to manage this health problem should be considered in a consistent and continuous manner.
Meysam Behzadifar, Saeed Shahabi, Ahad Bakhtiari, Samad Azari, Masoud Behzadifar,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (2-2024)
Abstract
Background: The population of any country plays a crucial role in its economic, social, cultural, and political development. A young population enhances the workforce and economic dynamism of the country. Changes in lifestyle and a series of population, economic, and political policies in recent years have exposed Iran to the risk of population aging and demographic warnings from social researchers. The situation is such that population experts unanimously believe that if the current trend of increasing births and population growth continues, the country will face a major population crisis in the next 30 years. The present study examined the challenges and policy solutions in the field of Iran's population, considering a densely populated future. Considering the age pyramid between 1990 and 2000, Iran has experienced significant population growth, providing an effective and active workforce for the country. According to statistical models, Iran's population is projected to age significantly by 2030 and 2050. The complex issue of increasing fertility and population growth requires comprehensive and balanced measures. Promoting public awareness, financial support for families, social security provision, gender balance, housing facilities, population research, rural development, and collaboration with non-governmental organizations can be considered appropriate policies to increase fertility in Iran. The population issue should not be politicized, with some opposing and others supporting it; everyone should collaborate to address this significant gap. Considering the serious concerns and warnings of the Supreme Leader regarding population aging and the expressed concerns about the decline in population and the inadequacy of the current situation, policies for increasing fertility and population growth are on the agenda. However, all organizations, agencies, and individuals who can contribute to the realization of these policies must actively and seriously participate.
Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam, Saied Karbalay-Doust, Mehrnaz Ghalavandi, Mahboobeh Erfanizadeh, Mohammad Reza Namavar,
Volume 26, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background: Sleep deprivation, a common problem in modern life, can induce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, exerting adverse effects on cognitive functions. These injuries may be the result of cellular and molecular changes in some areas of the brain, such as the frontal nucleus of the thalamus and mammary bodies, which have received assiduous attention. These nuclei participate in learning, memory, and emotional (and recently sleep) functions. The present study aimed to assess the effect of chronic sleep deprivation on structural changes in these areas.
Materials and Methods: A total of 21 adult male rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control, control-grid, and sleep deprivation, and examined for 21 days. Brains were removed and fixed with buffered formalin. Brains were serially and systematically cut and stained with Giemsa. The total volume of nuclei and their total number of neurons and non-neurons were unbiasedly estimated by stereological methods.
Results: The findings of this study demonstrated that chronic sleep deprivation reduced the total volume of all nuclei (anterior nuclei of the thalamus and mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus) when compared with control groups (P<0. 05). Moreover, the total number of neurons and non-neurons in these structures significantly decreased in sleep-deprived animals when compared with control groups.
Conclusion: Chronic sleep deprivation has detrimental effects on the central nervous system and limbic system, as well as on the anterior nucleus of the thalamus, which, until recently, was believed to be not involved in sleep. These effects could be partly due to a decrease in cell (neuron and non-neuron) number, resulting in functional loss of this system.
Farkhondeh Garavandpour, Vahid Valipour Dehnou, Rasoul Eslami,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes is the most common chronic disease characterized by insulin resistance and disruption of glucose membrane transport mechanisms. It has been shown that GLUT5 and AS160 proteins play a role in this mechanism. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training on the levels of GLUT5, AS160, and insulin resistance in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of type 2 diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 adult male laboratory mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (C), diabetes (D), and diabetes training (DT). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (35 ml/kg) injection and a high-fat diet. Endurance training consisted of five sessions of treadmill running each week for 8 weeks. EDL muscle extraction was done 48 hours after the last training session. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used to measure proteins. To analyze the data, a one-way analysis of variance was used at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: There was no significant difference between GLUT5 levels in all groups (P=0.94). However, AS160 levels were higher in the C group than in the other two groups (P=0.001). Moreover, AS160 levels were significantly higher in the DT group than in the D group (P=0.001). There was no significant correlation between GLUT5 and AS160 (r=0.02, P=0.94).
Conclusion: Endurance training, by compensating the destructive mechanisms of diabetes, reduces hyperglycemia and overexpression of AS160 protein levels in EDL muscle; however, it does not affect GLUT5 protein levels. Therefore, it seems that endurance training plays a role in modulating the damaging effects of diabetes in skeletal muscles through mechanisms other than increasing GLUT5, such as changes in AS160.
Mohamad Medi Askarizade, Nasim Aslani, Parastoo Amiri, Taleb Khodaveisi, ,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (12-2025)
Abstract
Background: Today, we can benefit from the capabilities provided by Metaverse in the methods of providing healthcare services, especially telemedicine. This requires an early assessment of the potential benefits and challenges of Metaverse in the field of telemedicine before clinical adoption is realized. The purpose of this research is to identify the goals, consequences, and obstacles of using Metaverse in telemedicine.
Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, we searched the articles published in online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) until June 2024 (without time limitation) using relevant keywords ("Metaverse" and "Telemedicine") in English. Exclusion criteria included articles that did not focus on this topic.
Results: Of all the articles included in the study, most of the studies (75%) were conducted in 2023, and South Korea accounted for the highest number of studies (25%) in this field. The main capabilities and consequences of using Metaverse in telemedicine included increasing access to healthcare services, increasing the level of security, creating a sense of confidence for users, reducing costs, and managing time. Risks related to security and confidentiality, required technologies, knowledge of use, and cost are also challenges and obstacles to implementing Metaverse in telemedicine.
Conclusion: Metaverse is a suitable platform for telemedicine that provides access to medical and scientific information. Despite the advantages and positive consequences of this platform in providing fast and quality medical services, which causes widespread attention, there are challenges in its implementation that need to be solved by necessary measures.
