Nour Amirmozafari, Zahra Babaiekasmaie, Mohaddeseh Mohsenpour,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (2-2018)
Abstract
Background: Escherichia coli is one of the most common causative agent of urinary tract infection. In recent years, resistance to cephalosporins has been considerably on the rise due to production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs
.( This study was aimed to determine the survey of CTX-M, SHV, TEM, OXA-1, PER-2, and VEB-1 which are the most famous ESBL genes in
E. coli isolated from outpatients with UTI in Guilan
.
Materials and Methods: A total of 2267 urine samples were collected from outpatients suffering from UTIs. After primary biochemical and differential tests like MRVP, Lysin dacarboxilation in LIA medium, Urea hydrolysis test, TSI and Simon citrate test, samples containing
E. coli were identified. Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by disk diffusion. Double disk tests using Cephtriaxon, Amoxiclave and Cephtazidime-clavolonate were performed for phenotypic ESBL production assay. ESBL-producing genes were evaluated by PCR.
Results: Among the 2267 urine samples, 167
E. coli cells were isolated. From these
E. coli isolates, 38.9% were shown to be ESBL producers by the Double disk method. Based on the molecular analysis, the frequency of ESBL-producing genes were, CTX-M (70.32%), TEM (9.64%), SHV (4.88%) OXA-1 (57.2%), and PER-2 (12.1%). VEB-1 was not detected in the analyzed samples. Also, some of the isolates had more than one ESBL-producing gene
. Statistically, there was a direct correlation between gender and age with the infection.
Conclusion: In this study, more than half of the isolated bacteria were ESBL-producers. As the resistance-inducing genes are carried on mobile genetic elements, rapid detection of resistant species is of major importance to prevent their dissemination.
Ehsane Rashidian, Sakineh Nadali, Seyed Mohammad Nayeb Aghaee , Hasan Noruzian,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (2-2018)
Abstract
Background: Most strains of E.coli with multi drug resistance are major cause of colibacillosis in poultry. The economic damages caused by E.coli infections, especially in the poultry industry and also the costs of the disease treatment with antibiotics are very high annually. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bla CTX-M genes in E.coli isolates obtained from poultry disease in Khorramabad city.
Materials and Methods: In this present study, 100 E.coli isolates were collected in variable organs of birds with colibacillosis and then confirmed with biochemical tests. All the positive samples were there after investigated for the presence of CTX-M genes by PCR.
Results: 4 (%4) out of 100 E.coli isolates were ESBL positive based on the results of combined disk tests. PCR analysis using the specific primers revealed that %25 contained β-lactamases genes encoding CTX-M.
Conclusion: Giving the importance of E.coli infections in poultry and high prevalence of ESBL- producing strains of rapid diagnostics should used routinely to determine the strains in the laboratories. The results of this study show that the E.coli is saprophytic gastrointestinal reservoir for ESBL. This issue is very important in terms of public health and the transfer of antibiotic resistance to humans.
Arash Ghasem Azizi , Leila Jamshidi, Mohsen Mirzaee,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacillus that an opportunistic pathogen in patients with immune system disorder is known. One of the common causes of nosocomial infections is considered. Organisms oxidase positive, catalase positive, animated, and aerobic and lacks the ability to ferment carbohydrates. Group B beta-lactamase, which called MBL. Since the range generally makes antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin, carbapenem broad spectrum and (with the exception of monobactams) are effective, are the clinical problem. Metallo -beta-lactamase (VIM/ IMP) are plasmid genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotype and genotype of MBL genes VIM-I and IMP-I in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa imipenem resistant to antibiotics.
Materials and Methods:in this study by cultivating in public and differential culture and perform biochemical tests isolated for definitive confirmation and study metallobetalactamase genes from PCR was used.For review antibiotic resistance and study metallobetalactamase genes phonotype by disc diffusion.
Results: Group study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected from Beheshti Hospital in Qom. Then MBL genes VIM-I and IMP-I after amplification with along 261 bp and 587 bp were observed on gel electrophoresis. From 100 isolates of P. aeruginosa examined 48 isolates (48%) MBLproducers. Forty eight samples was MBL producers. 19 samples (58.39%) have bands of molecular weight of 587 gene IMP and 6 samples (5.12%) have bands of molecular weight of 261 gene VIM also 48 strains of 3 samples (25.6 percent) were containing both genes .antibiotic resistance to gentamicin samples, 36 samples (74%), ciprofloxacin 30 samples (62%), ceftazidime 29 samples (61%) ceftizoxime 27 samples (58%) and imipenem 19 samples (39%) were resistant. Conclusion: Compared IMP gene alone fisher test P≤0.05 significant relationship was found while the phenotype and gene VIM alone test, fisher P≤0.05 was used, there was no significant relationship. as a result of infection and region and type of antibiotics used in the sector can affect the expression of MBL.
Ziba Nazari, Farhad Nazarian Firouzabadi, Ahmad Ismaili, Mostafa Darvishnia,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background: Root hair culture is a valuable system to produce recombinant proteins in planta. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are vital parts of the innate immune response found in almost all forms of life. Precise target activity and limited toxicity towards mammalian cells make them suitable candidate molecules to combat evolving drug-resistant microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to produce a Dermaseptin B1 recombinant antimicrobial peptide in Nicotiana tabacum root hair and assess the antibacterial activity of the protein extract from transgenic root hairs.
Materials and Methods: A Dermaseptin B1 encoding gene sequence was C-terminally fused to a Chitin Binding Domain (CBD) encoding sequence and cloned in a plant binary vector used for Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation to generate root hairs in tobacco. Transgenic root hairs were produced, and protein extracts were used to assess antimicrobial activity against a number of microbes.
Results: PCR and RT-PCR analysis confirmed the integration of the Dermaseptin B1 gene in a root hair cell genome and the presence of Dermaseptin B1 mRNA transcripts, respectively. Recombinant protein had a significant (P<0.05) antibacterial effect towards gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Conclusion: Dermaseptine B1 recombinant peptide was successfully produced in tobacco root hair cells and its antibacterial effects was confirmed. These results suggest that the recombinant protein may have a therapeutic effect to control bacterial pathogens. It can be concluded that root hair cells can be used to produce and purify valuable recombinant proteins with pharmaceutical applications.
Mehri Habibi, Mohammad Reza Asadi Karam,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background: Iron adsorption factors are among the most important virulence factors of P. mirabilis causing urinary tract infections. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the frequency and nucleotide sequence of genes encoding the iron adsorption genes in Proteus mirabilis isolated from patients with urinary tract infections.
Materials and Methods: In total, 100 P. mirabilis isolates were obtained from urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections. Amplification of the iron adsorption genes in the isolates was performed by PCR. For sequencing of the amplified genes, their PCR products were purified from agarose gel using a PCR purification kit and sent for sequencing. After sequencing, the sequences of these genes were compared with the genes deposited in GenBank and Expasy.
Results: The frequency of PMI1945, PMI2596, PMI0409, PMI1426, PMI0842 and PMI1425 genes in the isolates was 90%, 25%, 35%, 85%, 75% and 55%. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of these genes using analysis software showed similarity higher than 80% between the sequences of the iron adsorption genes with the iron sequences deposited in Genbank and Expasy.
Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that the iron adsorption genes PMI1945 and PMI1426 with high frequency and conserved sequences among P. mirabilis could be presented as novel vaccine candidates against urinary tract infections.
Mojtaba Sadeh, Sarvenaz Falsafi, Kummars Amini,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background: Women infected with human papillomavirus, especially types 16 and 18, are at risk of cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of papillomavirus-16 and -18 in women with cervical cancer using multiplex-PCR.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, after collecting blood samples, viral DNA was extracted using a Cinaclone kit, and PCR, with specific primers, was performed to detect HPV-16 and HPV-18. PCR products were analyzed by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis.
Results: Of 60 samples, 19 were infected with HPV. The results showed that the frequency of genotype HPV-16 and HPV-18 was 8 (42.1%) and 11 (57.9%), respectively.
Conclusion: The study showed that using PCR with specific primers for the detection of HPV-16 and HPV-18 is a convenient and accurate method. The results of this study indicate the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer.
Farhad Nazarian-Firouzabadi, Azam Badr Hadad, Ali Sheikhian,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial peptides are one of the vital components of innate immunity in plants and animals. The identification and introduction of novel and effective peptide molecules to plants is a cost-effective way both to improve the resistance of crop plant species to pathogens, and to produce peptides for pharmaceutical applications by using recombinant DNA technology.
Material and Methods: An expression construct containing the omiganan (MBI-226) antimicrobial gene sequence was cloned and used for tobacco and potato Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Following tissue culture, Polymerase chain reaction analysis (PCR) confirmed that some kanamycin resistant plants are transgenic. A number of transgenic plants, along with a non-transgenic control, were selected. Total protein was extracted from the transgenic plants, and the non-transgenic control, and was used for antimicrobial activity assay against some human pathogens, including; Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus epidermis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typh, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans using the disc diffusion method.
Results: Total protein extract from transgenic plants was significantly (P<0.05) able to inhibit the majority of bacteria growth, whereas non-transgenic total protein extract did not inhibit human pathogens growth. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between transgenic lines with respect to omiganan peptide activity. In contrary to gram-negative bacteria, omiganan peptide did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on human gram-positive pathogenic bacteria.
Conclusion: The total protein from the omiganan-expressing peptide had a strong antibacterial activity against some human bacterial pathogens. By expression and purification of the omiganan peptide, the peptide could be used as an antibiotic to destroy pathogenic bacteria. This approach could open an opportunity to produce antibacterial peptides in plants for pharmaceutical applications.
Ghasem Rahimi Kalateh Shah Mohammad, Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi, Touran Ardalan,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background: In recent years, in order to prevent the excessive use of antibiotics, researchers are paying more attention to nanoparticles with antibacterial properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) synthesized by the green method from the extract of the Hyssopus officinail against some of the gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli).
Materials and Methods: For this experimental study, dry powder was prepared from Hyssopus officinail and Zinc acetate was used as a Zinc source. After synthesizing the nanoparticle via green method according to the protocol, concentrations of 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 µg/ml were prepared. The blanc discs with above mentioned concetrations were placed on the plate of bacteria cultured on Muller Hinton Agar culture media. Antibiotic disc gentamicin was used as control.
Results: The results showed that ZnO-NPs synthesized from the Hyssopus officinail extract at concentrations of 1000 and 2000 μg/ml had a proper antimicrobial activity, so that the inhibition in the concentration of 2000 μg/ml in E. coli and S. aureus were almost equal to the gentamicin.
Conclusion: The results obtained from antibacterial property of ZnO-NPs synthesized from the Hyssopus officinail extract showed that there is a direct correlation between the concentration of nanoparticles and the elimination of bacteria
Farhad Namdari, Seyed Moslem Mosavian, Mohammad Bakhshipour,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background: Electromagnetic fields have various effects on the biochemical and cellular behavior of microorganisms due to radiation. It is necessary to investigate more extensively the effects of these magnetic fields on some microorganisms, such as bacteria. The purpose of this study was tp investigate the effects of magnetic fields on Escherichia coli bacteria (PTCC 1330).
Materials and Methods: E.coli bacteria were prepared in liquid growth medium at the proper density. Then, the bacteria were placed in a magnetic field of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Hz at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 time intervals. Afterwards, their population was calculated, and the impact of these waves on the bacteria growth phases, based on the factorial pattern, was measured.
Results: Field intensities of 1, 5, 10 and 20 Hz caused an increase in the number of bacteria cells. With increasing field intensity to 50 Hz, the growth of bacteria was reduced. Field intensities of 5, 30, 40 and 50 Hz caused an increment in the time of the lag phase, and field intensities of 1, 10 and 20 Hz caused an increment in the time of the stationary phase. At 1 to 30 Hz field intensities, the duration time of each cell division was reduced, and at 10 Hz field intensity, this reduction reached a minimum. But at a field intensity of 40 and 50 Hz, the time velocity of bacteria reproduction decreased.
Conclusion: Given that E.coli bacteria is a pathogen, and at the same time a very important bacteria in scientific activities, the results of this study could be used in procedures to increase and decrease the population of this bacteria population.
Elham Nadim, Changiz Ahmadi Zadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background: breast cancer is currently the most common cancer among women, and is a multi-stage disease. The EBV virus is known to be a major contributor to human cancers. The development of breast cancer in humans is often regulated by steroid hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone. The aim of this study was to simultaneously investigate the expression of the EBV BXLF2 and the human PR / ER gene in breast cancer patients referred to the l Tabriz International Hospital.
Materials and Methods: this descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 50 women with mean age of 57.3 years Genomic DNA extraction from specimens was performed using the saturated salt method. The cDNA was then synthesized from the extracted RNAs. Real-time PCR was used for the expression of the BXLF2 gene, the detection of the EBV genome, and the determination of the PR / ER gene.
Results: as breast cancer progressed, the expression of ER increased significantly and with the increase in the stage of the disease, the level of expression of PR decreased significantly (p-value = 0.0043). A weak correlation was found between age and viral title. There was a significant relationship between the presence of progesterone receptor gene expression and virus load in the affected person. (P-value <0.001).
Conclusion: In progesterone receptors, the expression of the receptor gene in the first three steps was approximately one-and-a-half times, which then decreased at different stages, the expression of the estrogen receptor expression increased. There was a weak correlation between age and EBV titers (P-value <0.001)
Khatreh Torabi, Nooshin Naghsh, Mahbobeh Madani,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background: Carotenoids comprise a significant group of natural pigments produced by plants and some microorganisms such as fungi. These useful pigments have beneficial properties, including the antioxidant property. The goal of the present project is to produce carotenoids by Fusarium oxysporum fungus and its effect on liver enzymes in male mice.
Materials and Methods: Fusarium exosporium fungus was cultured in a suburodecroserase agar medium. In this study, carotenoids were first extracted by the solvent method under optimal conditions of the solvent mixture of acetone, methanol and petroleum ether for 24 hours. The drying process of pigment extraction was carried out using Davis method. In the next stage, 24 male mice were randolmly divided into three groups of eight mice. Two treatment groups received carotenoid via intraperitoneal injection (16 and 32 mg / kg), and the last group received this product in the control group. 0.2 mL was of physiologic serum was injected intraperitoneally. Subsequently, heart blood was collected from the rats and liver factors were evaluated. The results were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and all the data were compared using the ANOVA method.
Results: The results showed that carotenoid extracted from Fusarium oxysporum fungus altered the activity of liver enzymes.The concentration of SGPT and ALP enzymes significantly decreased in the injectable group (32 mg / kg).
Conclusion: The antioxidant properties of carotenoids in thick doses reduced the activity of liver enzymes.This function is probably due to the antioxidant properties of carotenoids and the oxidative stress control and radical trapping of free radicals. Given the physiological similarities between the human body and mice, the use of high doses of carotenoids in food industries is recommended.
Maryam Mahlooji, Asiye Ahmadi-Dastgerdi, Reza Sharafati-Chaloshtori,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background: Since the application of certain methods to minimize the oxidative and microbial spoilage in meat products is economically and hygienically significant, further studies are required to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of plant extracts in meat and meat products.
Materials and Methods: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of sumac extract in ground beef contaminated with multidrug resistance E. coli. Sumac extract was extracted by maceration method. The total phenol content of the extract was measured by Folin-Ciocalteo, and the total flavonoid content was determined by aluminum chloride method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by iron reduction test (FRAP). The antimicrobial effect of the extract was evaluated using well diffusion method. After the inoculation of the minced meat, the samples were transferred to the refrigerator at 4 ° C, and a six-day storage period for microbial tests including the total count, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, mold and yeast started.
Results: The total amount of phenolic compounds was 290.852 mg/g, and the amount of flavonoids was 4.508 mg/g. The antioxidant ability of the extract was reported 380.79-744.04 µmol iron/mg. The results of the antimicrobial tests indicated that the minimum inhibitory and lethal concentrations were 166.66 mg/ml and 333.33 mg/ml, respectively. Adding sumac extract to minced meat samples significantly prevented the growth of all microorganisms. This activity increased with the rise of concentration.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that sumac extract is a remarkable source of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds and might be used in food products such as meat and meat products.
Fatemeh Bahrami Chegeni, Gholamreza Goudarzi, Pegah Shakib,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the important cases of community acquired infections and hospital infections. Increasing the emergence of multidrug resistance among hospital isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae has limited treatment options for the treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of oqxA and oqxB genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates.
Materials and Methods: In this study, samples consist of all persons who were referred to the hospitals in Khorramabad during the last 6 months. Laboratory samples were evaluated in a differential and biochemical way and their antibiotic susceptibility were evaluated by disc diffusion method. DNA was extracted by boiling and the genes were identified by specific primers using PCR.
Results: Out of 100 samples, 63 (63%) were male and 37 (37%) were female. The highest resistance was respectively to cefotaxime, amikacin, tetracycline and the highest sensitivity was related to levofloxacin, and ceftazidime. In all isolates, 57 isolates were resistant; among those the prevalence of oqxA and oqxB genes was 26.3% and 56.1%, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of oqxB gene was higher than oqxA gene and it was found that there was increased resistance to fluoroquinolones in the studied isolates.
Hadiseh Bahramian, Atefe Mirzavand, Zahra Madadpour, Mehrdad Taahodi, Somayeh Delfani, Faranak Rezaei, Setareh Soroush,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus lugdunensis is Gram-positive cocci of the staphylococcaceae family. S. lugdunensis despite having a clotting factor (wall coagulase), was classified in the coagulase negative staphylococcus group (CoNS) for lack of free coagulase. Although this bacterium is part of the human normal flora, in terms of virulence, S. lugdunensis is in second place after S. aureus. S. lugdunensis causes a wide range of cardiovascular, bone and joint infections, blood infections, skin and soft tissue infections, central nervous system infections, and urinary tract infections. This bacterium cannot produce S. aureus toxins, but it has various pathogenic factors such as delta hemolysin, lugdulysin, atlL autolysin, lysozyme resistance, MSCRAMM adhesins, ica opron, iron opron and ability to produce SCV colonies. These factors may explain the same pathogenic potential as S. aureus in S. lugdunensis. Fortunately, unlike other members of the Staphylococcaceae family S. lugdunensis has highly sensitive to most antibiotics and responds well to treatment. In the last decades, the rate of isolation of S. lugdunensis as a pathogen worldwide is increasing, but unfortunately, because most Iranian laboratories do not have a specific CoNS species identification on the laboratories agenda, these species were reported as CoNS or contamination. Therefore, no information is available on the prevalence and pathogenicity of this bacterium in Iran.
Somayeh Delfani, Davood Kalantar-Neyestanaki, Gholamreza Godarzi, Setareh Soroush, Faranak Rezaei,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background: Prevalence of co-existence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), metallo-beta-lactamase (MBLs) and AmpC-β-lactamases producing isolates in these bacteria is a serious problem in treatment of infections. The aim of this study was to characterization co-existence of ESBLs, AmpC and MBLs in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Khorramabad hospitals.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, totally 130 clinical isolates including E. coli (n=45) and K. pneumoniae (n=85) were collected from hospitals of Khorramabad. Disk diffusion method used for determination of susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics. ESBLs, MBLs and AmpC-β-lactamases producing isolates detected by combined disk methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detection of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaVIM genes.
Results: Out of the 130 clinical isolates, 41(31.5%) and 37 (28.4%) of them considered as ESBLs and AmpC producing, respectively. The blaTEM and blaSHV detected in 24(18.4%) and 23(17.6%) of isolates, respectively.
Conclusion: Prevalence of ESBLs, AmpC and MBLs in Khorramabad is lower than from other region of Iran. Outbreak of co-producer ESBLs, AmpC and MBLs isolates in Khorramabad can cause serious problems in treatment of infections.
Ayat Moradipour, Abdolrazagh Marzban, Maryam Karkhane, Hamed Esmaeil Lashgarian,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: The high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection worldwide, especially in developing countries, and its role in gastric malignancies and the emergence of antibiotic resistance have led to proposing the different treatment and prevention methods against infection. HP associated GlmM gene is coding for Phosphoglucosamine mutase that considered for molecular detection of HP.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, blood and stool samples were obtained from studied population and the titers of IgG & IgA were measured by ELISA kits. DNA was extracted from stool samples and PCR was used to detect glmM gene. The results were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: In initial study regarding of antibodies level in the blood serum, 86% of the subjects in the group showed antimicrobial IgA and IgG at the same time, while in the control group this amount was 59.9%. The results of PCR showed that in the case group, 20 out of 42 cases had glmM gene and in the control group there was no positive sample for this gene.
Conclusion: In this attempt, we tried to find a linkage between HP-associated virulence glmM gene and antibodies concentration through which probability of developing acute and severe state of disease in infected patients. The PCR and Ab titers associated results showed no significant relation between glmM gene of HP originated stool sample and serum concentration of IgG and IgA in patients who suffered from HP infection.
Mahboobeh Akbari Zare,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: The use of medicinal smokes is common in more than 50 countries and accepted in traditional medicine and among people.
In Iranian culture, according to ancient physicians such as Avicenna and Zakaria al-Razi, the use of smoke such as Spand (
Peganum harmala) and female donkey dung (Anbarnasara) is common as a medicinal combination to treat Sinusitis and Vaginitis also wound infection, eyes and anal infections.
This study aims to investigate the opinions of ancient physicians about the effect of Anbarnasara smoke on bacteria isolated from the wound, eye, and sinuses infections.
Materials and Methods: Smoke from burning Anbarnasara was collected in 50% methanol. The antibacterial effects of various concentrations (3.2-100 mg/ml) of the collected smoke were investigated by the disk diffusion method on 6 standard bacteria and 8 bacteria isolated from patients.
Results: The largest zone of inhibition was observed in 100 mg/ml with 12 mm in
Micrococcus luteus a Gram-positive standard strain and 18 mm in
Klebsiella pneumoniae. a Gram-negative standard strain. In the same concentration, among gram-positive bacteria isolated from patients, the highest zone of inhibition with 21 mm was observed in
S. epidermidis and among gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients, the largest zone of inhibition with 17 mm was observed in
Proteus mirabilis.
Conclusion: Due to the observed antibacterial effects of smoke from burning Anbarnasara in the bacterial strains, which often causes infection in wound, eyes, and sinuses infections, according to the opinions of ancient physicians, this combination can be used to eliminate these infections.
Iman Poladi, Somayeh Delfan, Setareh Soroush, Mohammad Reza Soltani, Faranak Rezaei,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background: Today, drug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii are one of the opportunistic pathogens in the world. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of clinical isolates of A. baumannii in Khorramabad hospitals (i.e., Shohaday Ashayer-Shahid Rahimi), Khorramabad, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the clinical samples collected from patients hospitalized in the different wards of Khorramabad hospitals in 2015-16 and 2017-18. The clinical samples were identified as A. baumannii by microbiological culture and biochemical tests then confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The susceptibility test of bacterial isolates to antibiotics was performed and the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) using the Chi-square test.
Results: According to the results of the antibiogram, among the 94 isolates of A. baumannii collected from the patients admitted to Khorramabad hospitals, 50%, 41.49%, and 8.51% of isolates were multiple-drug resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and non-multidrug resistance, respectively.
Conclusion: Due to the sensitivity of A. baumannii to polymyxin B and minocycline antibiotics, these antibiotics can be used, especially as a combination therapy, in the treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. Since the rate of multidrug resistance in Khorramabad hospitals was found to be 91.49%, it is necessary to pay attention to the criteria for controlling nosocomial infections.
Somayeh Delfani, Marzieh Rashidipour, Faranak Rezaei, Pegah Shakib,
Volume 23, Issue 5 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: One of the major problems presented to health care systems is the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Today, natural substances, such as essential oils with antimicrobial properties, are increasingly used as an alternative to antibiotics. The present study aimed to assess the effect of chitosan nanogels containing essential oil of peppermint (Mentha Piperita) on clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from selected hospitals in Khorramabad. After preparing nanogels containing peppermint essential oil (Mentha Piperita), the minimum inhibitory concentration of chitosan nanogels on Acinetobacter baumannii isolates was determined by micro broth dilution method in a 96-well plate according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute instructions.
Results: The mean minimum inhibitory concentrations of nanoparticles without essential oil of peppermint, containing peppermint, and gentamicin were 47±496, 48±301, and 25±25, respectively. This is indicative of the high sensitivity of the assessed strains to gentamicin, in comparison with the other two groups (P≤0.001) and the more effective performance of Menthapiperita in the inhibition of the growth of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, as compared to nanoparticles without peppermint essential oil (P≤0.001).
Conclusion: The obtained results of the present study pointed to the effective ability of chitosan nanogels containing peppermint essential oil to inhibit the growth of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, in comparison with non-essential nanoparticles (Mentha Piperita).
Zahra Yazdanpour, Hamid Vaez,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent infections in patients referred to hospitals. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the leading cause of UTI. Emerging and spreading infection by aminoglycoside resistant isolates is a healthcare concern worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance patterns and prevalence of aminoglycoside acetyltransferases genes in E. coli isolated from UTI.
Materials and Methods: A total of 110 non-duplicate isolates were collected from patients referred to Amiralmomenin Hospital, Zabol, Iran, from September 2019 to April 2021. Antibiotic resistance profiles were determined using the Kirby-Bauer test according to guidelines of Clinical Laboratory Standard Institutes (CLSI). The prevalence of aminoglycoside acetyltransferases genes (aac (3)-Ia, aac (6)-Ia, and aac (2)-Ia) was determined by PCR.
Results: In this study, 90% of isolates were susceptible to meropenem and gentamycin. Also, the highest resistance of isolates was against ampicillin with 90% and cephalothin with 60%. Eight (7%) and 5 (4.5%) of isolates were aac (3)-Ia and aac (6)-Ia positive, respectively.
Conclusion: Prescribing ampicillin and cephalothin should be restricted due to their high resistance. Based on the findings of the present study, the prevalence of aac (3)-Ia and aac (6)-Ia genes was not at a high level, however, constant monitoring must be conducted to control the spread of infection by drug-resistance isolates.
