Yafteh

Background: We aimed in this study to evaluate the acute and repeated dose toxicity of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff (Kelussia) identified as a rare medicinal plant species which grows in western parts of Iran with potential nutraceutical applications.
Materials and Methods: To determine the clinical, hematological, biochemical, necropsy and histopathological effects of the herb’s essential oil, aerial parts of this plant were collected from Shahrekord in spring 2019. After careful evaluation and issuing the Herbarium Code Number, herb’s dry powder was provided and the essential oil was prepared by Clevenger apparatus. Acute and repeated dose toxicity tests were performed by OECD 423 and 407 guidelines through intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections to female rats.
Results: Acute test didn’t show any sign of toxicity in doses up to 2000 mg/kg and in delayed acute toxicity assessment no sign of toxic reaction was recorded. In repeated dose test all animals in two different dose groups (5 and 50 mg/kg) survived healthy according to the clinical, biochemical, hematological, necropsy and histopathological studies. Significant weight increase in high dose group (50 mg /kg/day) was accompanied with hepatotoxic reactions compared to vehicle control group (distilled water). Low dose group (5 mg/kg /day) showed significant biochemical changes in relevant nephrotoxicity related biomarkers which were not accompanied with histopathological evidence.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that oral long term administration of Kelussia essential oil could be considered as a safe herbal remedy in doses up to 5 mcg/kg/day for human medical and nutritional purposes.

Background: Chlorpyrifos is a type of organophosphorus poison that, despite its widespread use, can lead to tissue damage, including spleen tissue. Khuzestani savory plant has antioxidant properties and is effective in reducing damage caused by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Khuzestani savory plant essential oil on chlorpyrifos-induced spleen toxicity in male Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, 28 adult male rats weighing between 180-220 grams were selected and divided into 4 groups of 7. Were examined. Statistical comparison between the control group, Khuzestani essential oil 25 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos poison 0.01 mg/kg and Khuzestani essential oil 25 mg/kg + chlorpyrifos poison 0.01 mg/kg using SPSS 22 software and square test Chi was performed with Monte Carlo simulation under a significance level of 0.05.
Results: Chi-square test showed that there was a statistically significant difference between different groups in terms of the distribution of spleen tissue damage types (P=0.005); So, in the chlorpyrifos poison group, tissue damage such as macrophage and pigment accumulation and spleen white pulp analysis was observed, while no tissue damage was observed in the other groups.
Conclusion: Our study showed that the Khuzestan savory plant is effective in preventing tissue damage due to its antioxidant compounds such as carvacrol. Also, considering the negative effects of chlorpyrifos in the doses recommended by the World Health Organization, further investigations are necessary.
 

Background: Medication errors are among the most important medical errors that can be prevented to avoid significant financial and life-threatening damages. The present study aimed to utilize the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) technique as a preventive measure to identify and assess the risk of medication errors and explore their correlation with demographic factors.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive-analytical approach was employed to evaluate medication errors in 2023 at Mehr Psychiatric Hospital in Khorramabad, Iran, using a qualitative-quantitative methodology and the FMEA technique. Data collection involved a safety checklist and adherence to standard work instructions. The analysis of error rates was conducted using the Risk Priority Number (RPN) to ascertain the level of risk associated with medication errors.
Results: The findings revealed 59 medication errors across 13 areas, with the highest error in obtaining a complete medical history and the lowest in transferring medication to a box. The average total risk score (RPN) was calculated to be 10.16. Moreover, the present research investigated the relationship between RPN scores and demographic variables and identified a significant association solely with the type of ward (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of mitigating medication errors through preventive strategies such as thorough patient history documentation, error identification, prioritization, and the implementation of appropriate solutions to reduce financial and human costs associated with treatment.