Yafteh

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Introduction: Since long time ago parasitic problems have been taken into consideration by people and physicians in our country and at present, parasitic diseases are among important healthy problems of our community. This study aims at determination of intestinal parasites prevalence in Khorramabad bakeries’ workers. Materials and Methods: In this study all the bakeries of the city (270 bakeries) were studied. By using formalin- detergent method all of 993 workers of these bakeries were examined. Findings: Results showed that total frequency of intestinal parasites was 13.2%. Among them 12.4% infected with one parasite and 0.8% infected with two parasites. The most frequent infection, related to Giardia lamblia (7.9%). Results also showed that intestinal parasitic infection was less in people with higher education, as well as to be familiar with transmission ways of infection results in reduction of infection prevalence. Compairing between two groups of workers with and without Healthy Card, shows no significant difference from view point of infection rate. Conclusion: stool examination and test in every three month intervals using better methods of concentration, exact supervision and exertion of healthy rules by health responsible and also direct education about individual and social health, and

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Fallahi Sh¹, Badparva E¹, Nahrovanian H², Chegeni Sharafi A³, Ebrahimzadeh F⁴

1. Instructor, Department of parasitology, Faculty of medicine, Lorestan University of medical sciences

2. PhD, Pasteur institute of Iran.

3. Master of science, parasitology

4. Instructor, Department of statistic, Faculty of health, Lorestan University of medical sciences

Abstract

Background: Intestinal parasites are the most common enteric pathogens in patients with HIV infection. These intestinal pathogens are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV positive patients. There have been very few reports on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in HIV positive and AIDS patients in Iran. To investigate the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal parasites in this population, a cross-sectional study was carried out on 306 HIV positive and AIDS patients in Khorramabad city.

Materials and methods: Demographic data were collected by a questionnaire. Three stool samples were collected from every patient. Direct smear, Formalin-ether concentration techniques and Modified acid fast (Kinione) and modified trichorome staining method carried out on all samples. Data was analyzed by T-test and Chi square method.

Results: After examination’s it detect that, Prevalence of the intestinal parasite in HIV positive and AIDS patients in Khorramabad city was 22.5% and This rate was higher in AIDS patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between age group, level of education, occupation, type of intestinal signs, variants and infection to intestinal parasites. It’s noticeable that between status of HIV/AIDS variant and infection to intestinal parasite there was a significant relationship

Conclusion: High prevalence of intestinal parasites in HIV positive and AIDS patients in Khorramabad city reflects the necessity of prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment programs for these patients.

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Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellate protozoan that lives in the genital tract and causes trichomoniasis in women. About 200 million people all over the world are infected with T. vaginalis. There are various methods with different sensitivity and specificity for detection of this parasite, that one of them is direct smear of vaginal secretions which is simpler, rapid and cheaper than other diagnostic methods. Materials and Methods: Demographic data was gathered by a questionnaire which contained different variables. Vaginal secretions samples were taken by spicolum and two swaps that maintained in glucose solution in separate tubes from 160 women referred to health centers of Khorramabad. One of the vaginal samples was examined by direct smear in saline solution and the other was cultured in Dorse medium. Results: Of 160 women suspected of trichomoniasis, 11.8% and 18.75% were positive by direct smear and culture respectively. The sensitivity of the direct method was 63.3%. Our findings indicated that 30% of the infected women belonged to the 31 – 35 age group, which had the most relative frequency of positive cases. Most of the patients (43%) were illiterate or had elementary educational level. Conclussion: The sensivity of direct method is 63% in compare to culture ( as a Gold standard ), which is ralatively low . Although the efficacy of this test could be imporved by shortening the elapsed time between sampling and examination , use of skilled microscopists , and different samples , but we recommend that more sensitive methods such as culture and PCR should be used .

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Background : Blastocystis hominis is an anaerobic, zoonotic protozoan parasite which inhabits the large intestine of humans and a wide range of other vertebrates. It has a worldwide distribution and infects hosts through the cyst of the parasite by contaminated water or food. Its prevalence is related to hygienic culture, season, exposure to animals, and age. A number of studies in the last decade have confirmed its potential pathogenicity, and many gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal signs have been attributed to it. It has unique morphology, life cycle, and reproduction. The aim of this research is to study molecular prevalence of this parasite in the patients referred to Khorramabad laboratories. Materials and Methods: In this study, conducted for the first time in Lorestan province, 511 stool samples were collected from patients in laboratories of Khorramabad. After DNA was extracted using PCR, the samples were examined for the existence of Blastocystis parasite. Results: Out of the 511 samples studied, 33 ones (6.5%) were infected with Blastocystis. Conclusion: The microscopic diagnosis is challenged by morphological characteristics and other intervening factors, and the PCR method, which has higher sensitivity and specification than other diagnostic methods, is recommended. Concerning the prevalence of the parasite, the world has been divided into two parts of developed and developing countries by the researchers, with 10% and 50% prevalence rates respectively. The 6.5% prevalence in the cited population in Khorramabad is in the range of the prevalence in the developed countries. Therefore, the result is justifiable since springs provide most of the drinking water in the region. However, since ranching is a popular occupation in the region, the prevalence rate is alarming. Therefore, following health instructions and appropriate clothing when exposing to livestock are recommended. In addition, the results of this study and similar studies in the developing countries, on the one hand, and the increasing prevalence of 23% in the US as a developed country, on the other hand, have disturbed the previous division.

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Background: Water is a vital liquid which is contaminatied by multiple biological agents such as; parasites, fungi, viruses and bacteria. The Enterobactriaceae, especially E.Coli are the most important indicator of fecal contamination of water. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Enterobacteriaceae in drinking water of  the wells in Romeshkan town.

Material and Methods: 160 of  2.5 liter water samples were collected and quickly transferred to the laboratory under the desired temperature then were concentrated by passing through a 0.45 µm filter. Then the bacteria were differentiated by culture in Macconkey medium and the grown single colonies were cultured on other differentiate media.

Results: 18 (%11.25) of the drinking water of the wells were contaminated with E.Coli which in most cases accompanied with other Enterobactoaceae such as; Enterobacter, Citrobacter and Klebsiella. These contaminations had significant relationship with distance between sewage wells and damaged lids of wells.

Conclusion: Although the contamination rate was lower than some previous studies, but according to standards of WHO, it is very high. It is suggested that authorities apply pipetting before wells waterborne diseases become epidemic.