Yafteh

Background: The aim of this study was to compare hormonal and metabolic responses to three types of resistance exercise trainings in non-athlete young men.
Materials and Methods: 40 subjects with the mean age of 22.56 ± 1.50 and the BMI of 23.75 ± 55.5 kg/m2 were randomly divided into four equal groups: (a) low intensity resistance training (20% one repetition maximum) with continuity of blood flow restriction (BFR), (b) low intensity resistance training (20% one repetition maximum) with intermittent BFR, (c) traditional resistance training (80% repetition maximum) with no BFR, and (d) the control group. Subjects performed the barbell curl 4 times until exhaustion and with a 1-minute rest between the sets. Blood sampling was performed before and one hour after the exercise session. Dependent T-Test (intra-group comparison) and One-Way Anova (inter-groups comparison) were used to analyze the data (P≤0.05).
Results: The levels of growth hormone and lactate in all three three experimental groups showed a significant increase compared to the baseline (P≤0.001), while insulin-like growth factor was not increased significantly in any of the groups. Inter-group results showed that after a training session, the levels of growth hormone and lactate were not changed significantly between the three experimental groups.
Conclusion: It seems that low-intensity resistance exercise trainings and continuous and intermittent blood flow restriction are effective in terms of hormonal and metabolic changes similar to traditional resistance exercise trainings

Background & Objectives: The antioxidant status of the cardiac tissue changes in diabetes, and increases the oxidative damage of the membrane and tissue. Given the possibly positive role of exercise training on antioxidant status, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of six weeks of endurance training on the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the cardiac tissue of healthy and diabetic Wistar rats.
Materials & Methods: 24 adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 rats: diabetic training group (DT), diabetic control group (DC), healthy training group (HT) and healthy control group (HC). The animals performed 6 weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training. The heart tissues were extracted 24 hours after the last training session in order to measure the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test.
Results:  After 6 weeks of endurance training, the changes of glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly different in the diabetic training  group compared to the healthy and diabetic control groups with significance levels of (P=0/007) and (P=0/017) respectively. The levels of superoxide dismutase also increased significantly in the diabetic training group compared to the diabetic control group with the significance level of (P=0/025).
Conclusion: It appears that moderate-intensity endurance exercise might have a significant effect on the antioxidant system of the heart tissue of diabetic rats. Moreover, it could be helpful in preventing the development of cardiovascular complications from diabetes.

Background: The most common neurological complication of hyperglycemia is neuropathy which leads to changes in the central nervous system. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of six weeks of aerobic exercise with quercetin supplementation on the expression of mitochondrial Ampk and Nrf-1 genes in the hippocampus of diabetic male rats.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed by the laboratory method. Thus, 35 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=7): Healthy Control, Diabetes Control, Diabetes Exercise, Diabetes Exercise Quercetin Supplement, and Quercetin Supplement. During the course, the supplement and diabetic groups were injected with 15 mg/kg of quercetin per day after induction of diabetes. For the training groups, six weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise was performed on a revolving bar. To evaluate the expression of mitochondrial Ampk and Nrf-1 genes, hippocampal tissue was isolated 24 h after the last training session. The SPSS statistical software (version 23), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey's post hoc test onther significance level of  0.05 were used to analyze the collected data.
Result: The findings of this study showed that after six weeks of aerobic exercise, the expression of mitochondrial Ampk and Nrf-1 genes in the exercise supplement diabetes group significantly increased (P<0.05) compared to diabetes control, exercise diabetes, and quercetin supplementation. A significant increase was observed only for Ampk in the exercise diabetic group compared to the diabetic control and quercetin diabetic groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that six weeks of aerobic exercise with quercetin supplementation can positively affect the expression of mitochondrial Ampk and Nrf-1 genes in hippocampal tissue and increase it in diabetic conditions.