Showing 22 results for Fallah
Ebrahim Fallahi, Javad , Mohtadinia, Soltan Ali Mahboob,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (2-2005)
Abstract
Background: Zinc deficiency is a common problem in the world. Finding adequate solution for combating this problem is very important. The aim of this research was study of the effect of consumption of whole bread baked from cultivated wheat with microfertilizer on serum zinc.
Materials & Methods: This double blind field trial was carried out on two villages: Tajaragh as experimental (n=160) and Khaneghah as control (n=152) in east Azarbaijan province of Iran. Food consumption was estimated by 24 hour recall (one day) and food record (two days). Serum zinc, was measured by atomic absorption. Experimental village inhabitants consumed whole bread cultivated with microfertilizer, while the control village inhabitants took regular whole bread for 4 months.
Independent t test and paired t test were used for comparing of the results.
Results: Iron and zinc contents of breads had significant differeces (p<0.01). Phytic acid:Zinc molar ratio in regular bread was less than exoperimental bread. There was no differece between iron:zinc ratio and zinc:iron ratio in both breads.
Zinc intake was different between control and experimental groups.
Serum zinc was increased in all age and sex groups of both villages (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Further studies are needed to determine the effect of bread cultivated with microfertilizer on serum micronutrients.
Rasoul Yousefi Mashouf, Mohammad Fallah, Zahra Heidar Barghi,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (6-2006)
Abstract
Background: One of the major causes of increasing nosocomial infections is
misusing disinfectants and antiseptics in hospitals. The aim of this study was to
evaluate the efficacy of disinfectants and antiseptics using in injections and dressing
wards, operation rooms and kitchen of Hamedan hospitals.
Materials and Methods: In this study 742 samples were collected before and after
disinfections from different parts of injection, dressing wards and operation rooms.
Disinfectants and antiseptics that were used in different parts of wards were
Halamide, Beh-Assa, Kereoeline, Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde, Chlorhexidine,
Hygiene, Savlone, Alcohol 70% and UV ray. The efficacy of disinfectants that were
prepared in hospitals and medical microbiology laboratory of medicine faculty was
evaluated. The efficacy of disinfectants and antiseptics were tested on Staphylococcus
and E. coli by disk diffusion method. Data was gathered through a questionnaire and
analyzed using K2 and Mann-Whitney methods.
Findings: From 742 samples, 308 positive cultures (41.6%) were detected. The
frequency mean of the contamination before disinfection was 50.1% and after
disinfection was 33.8%. From 308 positive cultures in two hospitals, 173 (56.2%)
gram negative bacteria and 135 (43.8%) gram positive bacteria were isolated. The
most effective disinfectants that were used in two hospitals were Glutaraldehyde 2%,
Formaldehyde 8%, Chlorhexidine 1%, Savlone 3.2%. The lowest effective
disinfectants were Beh-Assa 1%, Kereoeline 2.5%, and Alcohol 70%. The frequency
mean of contamination before UV ray disinfection was 51.4% and after disinfection
was 48.6%, which indicate no significant difference. Disinfectants and antiseptics that
were prepared in hospitals and those that prepared in medical microbiology laboratory
showed minor differences.
Conclusion: In this study, the frequency mean of contamination before and after
disinfections showed significant differences (P-value=0/001). So, the efficacy of
disinfectants used in the two hospitals was satisfactory. However, disinfectants that
were prepared in hospitals and those that prepared in medical microbiology laboratory
showed minor differences. Therefore, it is suggested that the disinfectants and
antiseptics which are used in hospitals should be prepared under supervision of
hospital health experts.
Ebrahim Fallahi , Mehrdad Seifi , Afshin Nazari ,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (11-2006)
Abstract
Background: Micronutrients deficiency is one of the most health problems in the world. Iron and zinc deficiency and their interaction with vitamin A are important, too. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation of iron and zinc, alone or combined, on vitamin A status of primary school children.
Material and methods: The study was a randomized double-blind clinical trial in which 81 primary school children, 11 y of age, were randomly supplemented for 4 months with iron (20 mg/d), zinc (20 mg/d), or iron+ zinc (20 mg of each/d). Plasma retinol was measured at beginning and after 4 months by HPLC method. SPSS version 11.5 software was used. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, and paired t test.
Results: Plasma retinol changes in Iron, zinc, and iron +zinc groups were: -0.1±0.2, -0.1±0.1, -0.1±0.1 µmol/L, respectively. These changes in female and male were, respectively: -0.18±0.2, -0.03±0.1 for iron group, -0.1±0.1, -0.08±0.09 for zinc group, and -0.14±0.2, -0.06±0.1 for iron + zinc group retinol decreased in all supplemented groups. Deficient or non-deficient basal serum zinc had no effect on result.
Conclusion: Plasma retinol was decreased in all supplemented groups. As, decrease in plasma retinol results from the supplementation, more studies should be carried out on this subject.
Afshin Barazesh , Jafar Madjidi , Esmaeel Fallah , Rasoul Jamali , Ardavan Ghazanchaei ,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (11-2006)
Abstract
Background: Giardia lamblia is the most frequent human intestinal protozoan worldwide. Diagnosis of G. lamblia by microscopic examination of stool is common, but ELISA & IFA methods have been used in research and epidemiological studies recently. To produce polyclonal antibodies for designing ELISA & IFA kites molecular and genomic studies (PCR and parasitic culture) as well as other epidemiological purposes, purification of parasite cysts is required. Different methods were designed for this reason. A method, which can save the safe cysts without debris and other contamination, is required. In this study we decided to purify cysts from positive specimens with known methods and compare them on the basis of purification grade.
Material and methods: three different methods were used for purification of cysts from positive samples (sucrose one stage, sucrose- percoll, and sucrose two stage gradients). The resulting product of these methods compared on the basis of elimination of debris, cysts purification grade and recovered cyst by using direct examination and Neobar chamber counting.
Results: Cyst solutions from first and second methods were contained debris and cellulose. In third method approximately all of bacteria were eliminated and cysts obtained safely but cysts recovery rate was low (3×104 per 2gr of stool).
Conclusion: third method (sucrose two stage gradients) was better than two other for isolation and purification of parasitic cysts and debris was less it seems designing a new simple method is highly needed for better elimination the debris and higher recovery rate of cysts.
Shirzad Fallahi , Ebrahim Badparva , Hosein Nahrovanian , Ali Chegeni Sharafi , Farzad Ebrahimzadeh ,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2007)
Abstract
Fallahi Sh1, Badparva E1, Nahrovanian H2, Chegeni Sharafi A3, Ebrahimzadeh F4 1. Instructor, Department of parasitology, Faculty of medicine, Lorestan University of medical sciences
2. PhD, Pasteur institute of Iran.
3. Master of science, parasitology
4. Instructor, Department of statistic, Faculty of health, Lorestan University of medical sciences
Abstract
Background: Intestinal parasites are the most common enteric pathogens in patients with HIV infection. These intestinal pathogens are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV positive patients. There have been very few reports on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in HIV positive and AIDS patients in Iran. To investigate the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal parasites in this population, a cross-sectional study was carried out on 306 HIV positive and AIDS patients in Khorramabad city.
Materials and methods: Demographic data were collected by a questionnaire. Three stool samples were collected from every patient. Direct smear, Formalin-ether concentration techniques and Modified acid fast (Kinione) and modified trichorome staining method carried out on all samples. Data was analyzed by T-test and Chi square method.
Results: After examination’s it detect that, Prevalence of the intestinal parasite in HIV positive and AIDS patients in Khorramabad city was 22.5% and This rate was higher in AIDS patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between age group, level of education, occupation, type of intestinal signs, variants and infection to intestinal parasites. It’s noticeable that between status of HIV/AIDS variant and infection to intestinal parasite there was a significant relationship
Conclusion: High prevalence of intestinal parasites in HIV positive and AIDS patients in Khorramabad city reflects the necessity of prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment programs for these patients.
Afsaneh Beiranvand , Masoud Fallahi , Hasan Ashayeri , Mehdi Rahgozar ,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2007)
Abstract
Beiranvand A1, Fallahi M2, Ashayeri H3, Rahgozar M4 1. Instructor, Department of nursing, Faculty of nursing, Lorestan University of medical sciences
2. Assistant professor, Department of nursing, Faculty of nursing, Iran University of medical sciences
3. Associate professor, Department of psychology medicine, Faculty of medicine, Iran University of medical sciences
4. Assistant professor, Department of statistic, Faculty of medicine, Iran University of medical sciences
Abstract
Background: Usually the incidence rate of delirium after hip surgery in elders is high. It causes several complication,bad prognosis and even mortality. Due to several side effects of drugs, music can be a nonpharmacological unrisk method for prevention of delirium. The purpose of the present study was to determin the effect of music on post operative delirium in elder women who underwent hip surgery hospitalized in orthopaedic ward.
Materials and methods: The present study is a semi experimental research. The samples were including 100 old women over 65 years of age with hip fracture in khorramabad Shohada hospital during 4 month. They were allocated according to inclusion criteria and sampling method to 2 equal groups of intervention and control, each with 50 persons. The tools of gathering data were demographic questionnaire, screening questionnaire and mini-mental state examination(MMSE). First, patient`s cognitive state were assessed by MMSE. Music was played for persons in intervention group for 20 minute, three times daily from 1 day before surgery until 4 days after surgery,while participants in the control group received standard care. During the intervention ,patient`s cognitive state was assessed by MMSE two times daily. Then patient`s were divided in 2 groups before and after scores in intervention group were compared.
Results: Findings showed that there is significant difference between before and after scores in intervention group(p=0/018). This difference even was significant with modification of before cognitive scores (p<0.001) and age (p<0.001)of intervention group.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence that music listening is an effective and unrisk tool for prevention of post hip surgical delirium in elders.
Esmaeel Fallah , Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei , Abdolrasoul Safaiyan , Nasrin Mirsamadi , Fatemeh Hamzavi , Leila Mahami-Oskouei ,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background : Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease caused by the migration or presence of Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati larva in human tissues or organs. Human become infected by ingestion of soil or contaminated raw or half-cooked meat (Paratenic hosts) containing Toxocara larva. The present study was conducted to determine Toxocara infection in the dog and cat owners and compare the results with infection in individuals who do not have the history of keeping these pets.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, by random sampling, 558 (405 individuals who do not have dog and cat and 153 dog and cat owners) of 2-20 years old persons were selected in Tabriz during 2009-2010. Serum samples were investigated using ELISA method for the presence of anti-toxocara antibodies and data were analyzed using Chi-square test.
Results: Totally, 162 samples (94 from people in contact and 68 from people without any contact with dog and cat) had anti-toxocara IgG. Total of 558 individual samples (235 men and 323 female) 396(70.96%) were negative and 162(29.03%) were positive. There were no significant association between Toxocara infection and gender (P=0.275).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, much of the dogs and cats owners were exposed to parasite. Training of dogs and cats owners, promotion of their awareness about various ways of transmission and examination of the infections in dogs and cats and prevention of these infections are recommended.
Azen Alavi , Sameyeh Karimi , Sogra Fallahi , Soheila Akbari , Amereh Alinejad ,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract
Background : The aim of this study was to compare maintenance therapy and continuous therapy of magnesium sulfate (MS) in the management of preterm labor.
Materials and Methods: In this single blind randomized control trial, 70 singleton women in 26 to 34 weeks of gestation (WG), were randomly assigned to receive 4gr MS in 200cc D/W 5% during 15 to 20 minutes either infusion therapy with 20 gr MS in 10 hours (group A) or maintenance therapy with 2gr/hr MS for 12 hours.(group B). Data of the participants were collected and analyzed using SPSS13.0, Chi-Square and T test. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The presence of labor pain after 24 and 48 hours, 1 week, and in 34 WG was statistically lower in group B than A. But it was not statistically significant in 37 WG. Duration of pregnancy and Apgar score at 5 min were significantly higher in group B than A. While, NICU admission was higher in group A than B.
Conclusion: Maintenance therapy with 2 mg/hr MS for 12 hr is an effective therapeutic regiment for management of preterm labor pain, to stop the labor pain, which is recommend to treat preterm labor pain.
Masoomeh Veiskarami , Usof Fallah , Mina Karimi , Ahmad Tamjidipour , Nagar Momeni , Mahin Adeli ,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background : Rocker shoes are the most commonly prescribed external therapeutic shoe modification and are used for treatment of the ankle and midfoot problems. The aim of this study was to assesse the effects of the heel- to-toe rocker shoes on temporal-spatial and ankle joint moments in sagital and frontal plane. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-exprimental study, three-dimentional gait analysis was carried out on 20 healthy university female students with normal normal gait pattern selected by convenience sampling method. A Vicon 470 system(Oxford Metrix, U.K.) consisting of 6 cameras operating at 60Hz and kistler forceplate (A9286) was used.The paired samples T test was used to statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that there is no significant change in temporal-spatial parameters while wearing this modified shoe ,but the ankle moments while wearing rocker shoes in sagittal plane was significantly less than that while wearing traditional shoes(p=0.002) but in frontal plane significantly increased(p=0.007). Conclusion: Based on the current findings the major benefits of this modified shoe appear to be significantly restricted sagital plane moments with maintenance of walking speed so the loads on ankle joint and achilles tendon reduced, but increases frontal plain moments which leads to increase of mediolateral instability of ankle joint.
Masoume Gholami , Amir Hosein Maghsood , Afshin Mohammadi , Nazanin Fallah , Mohammad Fallah ,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background: Toxoplasmosis with a worldwide distribution is one of the most common opportunistic infections in the immunodeficient patients and causes abortion and congenital complications in pregnant women infected with acute infection. The main route of infection is contact with infected cat and consuming under-cooked meat. Because the presence of parasite in the all body fluids, it is probable that transfusion during acute infection leads to transmission of the parasite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the IgM and IgG antibodies in the Hamadan blood donors and its relation to some epidemiologic risk factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 540 blood specimens were taken randomly from healthy blood donors in the Hamadan blood transfusion center. All samples examined by ELISA method for IgG and IgM antibodies. The results analyzed in relation to epidemiological factors such as age, gender, occupation and some Toxoplasma infection risk factors. Results: About 518 participants in this study were male, others were female. Totally, 294 (54.4%) of studied population were positive for IgG antibody and 10 (1.9%) were positive for IgM antibody. There was no significant relationship between seropositivity and Toxoplasma infection risk factor. Conclusion: Because the screening didn’t perform on the blood donors in Hamadan according to results of this study, Toxoplasma infection in blood donors of Hamadan is relatively high and, the rate of IgM antibody could considered for screening of this population.
Saeid Bajalan, Amir Hosein Maghsood, Ali Reza Zamani, Khadijeh Sepahvand, Mohamad Fallah,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common zoonotic parasites. The stray cats play an important role in the infecting intermediate hosts, due to easy access to raw meat and predation of infected rodents and birds and shedding oocyst on the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii antibody in the serum and oocyst shedding in the feces of stray cats and its relationship with some variables such as age, sex and inhabitant in Khorramabad, west of Iran
Materials and Methods: A total of 125 Stray cats trapped from different parts of city and were brought to the research laboratory to take blood and faces specimens. The blood samples of the cats (71 males and 54 females) were assayed for the prevalence of T. gondii using the IgG-ELISA, and their fecal samples collected through rectal swabs, and sugar floatation concentration method was applied for detection of oocyst.
Results: From 125 cats, a total of 80 cats (64%) were positive for anti-Toxoplasma antibody, 42 cats (33.6%) were negative and 3 cats (2.4%) were in borderline. There was no significant difference in the T. gondii seropositivity between males and females, and also between cats living in different parts of city, but prevalence rate between different age groups were significant statistically (P<0.021). T. gondii-like oocysts were detected in only 3 of 125 samples tested from cats’ stool by direct microscopy and floatation methods (the oocyst size was out of the range and identified as Isospora sp.).
Conclusion: The present study indicated a significant proportion of cats from Khorramabad, west of Iran. The T. gondii infection risk could be considerable if public health measures didn't take into account.
Farideh Malekshahi, Shirzad Fallahi,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (12-2016)
Abstract
Background :Mentally retarded child, the family put in a lot of trouble that most of the parents felt. Therefore, understanding and correct identification of problems and related factors are essential to help and support them. Therefore, this study cross sectional analytical descriptive carried out to determine parent’s mentally retarded child psycho-social problems under covering welfare centers Khorramabad 2013.
Materials and Methods: In this study samples were collected from parents of all mental retarded children. The data collection tools were including demographic questionnaires, mental and social problems. 144 questionnaires were completed by every parent. Validity and reliability were got by content validity and were gathered of data in the one stage and data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16.
Results: The results showed that all parent had psycho-social problems, but the mothers of the large number of roles in the family had an average of more mother’s emotional and social problems1/46±0/55, 1/54±0/69 and father’s 1/43±0/74, 1/36±0/55). There was significant relationship between parental education and disable child gender.
Discussion: The effect of disability on parents depends on their potency and capacity. It seems to reduce of parents of children with mental retarded, they need to services and full support.
Saeideh Khorramabadi , Nasim Saeidi Fard , Farzad Ebrahimzad, Abrahim Fallahi,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract
Background : Obesity and overweight are related to biological factors, individual, social, economic factors, different cultural factors and feeding behavior. Recognizing these factors can be a guidance of interventions relating to prevention and control of obesity in children and teenagers. The present study was aimed to study determinant factors of obesity and overweight in students of Khorramabad city.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 3387 students from age 6 to 14 were selected by combinative, multistage grouped and clustered sampling. Students' height and weight were measured and also body mass index (BIM) was calculated. In order to determine the prevalence, body mass index was used for age in NCHS table and evidence up 95 was regarded as obese and 85 to 95 was regarded as overweight.
Results: The relation of overweight and obesity in students with kind of school, family size, parental education and family income was very significant (p<0.001). Obesity and overweight were more prevalent in students of non-profit schools and families with more income. Students whose parents had higher education, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was more. There wasn't a significant relation between overweight and obesity and pubertal status (p=0.1).
Conclusion: Overweight and obesity in case study students were related to individual and external factors. Of these factors, we can mention factors such as gender, birth rank, family size and parental education.
Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei , Zahra Arab Mazar, Davood Yadegarnia, Simin Rajaeian, Shirzad Fallahi,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Background: Toxoplasmosis is a common disease among humans and animals, that is caused by the infection of the intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Infection by this parasite is generally without any clinical symptoms, but it can have severe effects in people with immune deficiency, such as those experiencing chemotherapy, transplantation, cancer and AIDS, as well as dialysis patients. Considering the high prevalence of parasites in different parts of Iran, we decided to study the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients, in selected centers of Tehran.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 260 hemodialysis patients attending 5 dialysis centers in Tehran in 2016 were studied. The serum samples were analyzed for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgG antibodies by the ELISA method.
Results: In this study, 175 (67.3%) of the hemodialysis patients tested positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies and 18 (7%) tested positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies.
Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients in Tehran compared to other control people in this region, and considering the fact that this infection is one of the most important risk factors in hemodialysis patients, regular screening and detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii is necessary in these patients.
Masoud Fallah Rajabpour Zare, Kamran Rakhshan, Nahid Aboutaleb, Farnaz Nikbakht, Morteza Bakhshesh, Yaser Azizi,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Background: Doxorubicin has been used in the treatment of malignancies, including lymphoma, leukemia and breast cancer. Cardiotoxicity is the main adverse effect of doxorubicin. Apigenin, as a flavonoid, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti tumoral properties. The aim of this study is the assessment of the effect of apigenin on cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin.
Materials and Methods: 60 male wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. Cardiotoxicity was induced by 6 injections of doxorubicin (2 mg/kg, ip) over 12 days. The treatment groups received orally 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg/day apigenin for 12 days simultaneously with cardiotoxicity induction.
Results: The heart weight to body weight ratio showed no significant difference between different groups. In the apigenin group (25 mg/kg), EF and FS showed a significant increase (P<0.05) and LVEDs, LDH and CK-MB showed a significant decrease, in comparison to the cardiotoxicity group.
Conclusion: Apigenin prevents LDH and CK-MB elevation and also EF and FS reduction and improves cardiac tissue changes and leads to a decrease in cardiac damage induced by doxorubicin.
Hadi Mirahmadi, Shirzad Fallahi,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background: Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases, and is considered one of the important health issues in tropical and subtropical countries. The aim of this study was to determine the rate and type of infection of Anopheles mosquitoes by malarial parasites using Multiplex Nested-PCR in the South of Sistan and Baluchestan province.
Materials and Methods: In the second half of 2017, 400 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from Zahedan Medical Insecticide Check Centers located in villages around Nikshahr city. The mosquitoes were caught by hand-held methods in domestic (human and animal), natural and artificial outdoor places (Shelterpit). After DNA extraction, molecular analysis was performed using Multiplex Nested-PCR.
Results: Of the 310 samples collected from parts of Lashar, Ahuran and the centre of Nik Shahr city, 6 samples (1.5%) were found to be infected with Plasmodium vivacs, and 90 samples collected from the Fennoj and Bennett sections of the city had no infection. Samples containing plasmodium falciparum and a mixture of Plasmodium vivacs and Plasmodium falciparum were not detected in this study.
Conclusion: The results show that in places where the transmission of both species of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum occur, the detection of malarial parasites by PCR can be a very useful complement to confirm microscopic diagnosis.
Somayeh Saboori, Ebrahim Fallahi, Amir Abbas Nezhad, Sajjad Roosta, Esmaeil Yousefi Rad ,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that Sirtuins have critical roles in the regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress, while hTERT has a protective effect via increasing the length of telomers in cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of omega 3 and vitamin E supplementation on the gene expressions of SIRT1 and hTERT and serum hsCRP level in CAD patients.
Materials and Methods: Participants in this Randomized Clinical Trial consisted of 60 non-smoking male CAD patients, with age ranges 45- 65 years, who were categorized into three groups, receiving: 4g/day of omega 3 and vitamin E placebo (OP); omega 3 (4g/day) and vitamin E 400IU/day (OE); and omega 3 and vitamin E placebos (PP) for two months.
Results: Gene expression of SIRT1 increased significantly in the OE group (P = 0.039), but gene expression of hTERT was not significantly different between the study groups. Supplementation with omega 3 and also co-administration of these fatty acids with vitamin E significantly decreased hsCRP level in OP and OE groups (P=0.008 and P= 0.050, respectively).
Conclusion: Supplementation with omega 3 and vitamin E seems to include beneficial effects on CAD patients, possibly via increasing gene expression of SIRT1, and also by lowering inflammation through decreasing serum level of hsCRP in these patients.
Behzad Dehghanizadeh, Zia Fallahmohammadi, Abdolhossein Taheri Kalani, Sayed Javad Mirghani,
Volume 23, Issue 0 (11-2021)
Abstract
Background: Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion causes structural and functional damage in the hippocampus. exercise pre-conditioning can be an effective way to prevent or reduce the risk of stroke. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of Pre-conditioning exercise on treadmill on diminution of the neurons of CA1 region of hippocampus and expression of TNF-α protein following cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion in male rats.
Materials and Methods: Twenty and four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of sham, training, ischemia and ischemia+ training. The rats in training group were trained to run on a treadmill 5 days a week, for 8 weeks before induction of ischemia. Ischemia was induced by blocking both common carotid arteries for 45 minutes. Hematoxylin and eosinophil (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical method were used to neuronal death, and protein expression respectively.
Results: The number of apoptosis neurons in the CA1 area were significantly increased in the ischemia group, compared with the sham and training group (p<0.05). Also, in the ischemia+ training group number of cell death and Expression of TNF-α were significantly lower than ischemia group. (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Regarding on the results, it seems that exercise pre-conditioning on treadmill, as a neuroprotective stimulant, would have protective effects against cell death and inflammation.
Shirzad Fallahi, Maedeh Chahichi Isfahan, Farnaz Kheirandish, Mehdi Birjandi, Pejman Hashemzadeh,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background: Toxoplasmosis is the most important parasitic infection associated with central nervous system. Sufficient knowledge and information about congenital toxoplasmosis and its effective factors is very helpful for health graduates in the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of the disease in infants. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge level of senior students related to pregnant women in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran, about congenital toxoplasmosis.
Materials and Methods: This study included 177 students who would deal with pregnant women in their future careers. The students' knowledge and information about congenital toxoplasmosis were assessed and measured based on a pre-designed questionnaire. The Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests were used to compare the obtained data.
Results: The results of this study showed that the students' knowledge about congenital toxoplasmosis was not in a desired range (4.72±71.14%). Based on the results, the level of knowledge was significantly lower in nursing and nutrition students (P=0.013), younger age groups (P=0.013), dormitory residents (P=0.002), and undergraduates (P<0.001), compared to other students (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated the poor level of information of senior students related to pregnant women about congenital toxoplasmosis. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the disease and its irreparable damage to the fetus, development of plans to increase students' awareness of the disease, as well as ways of transmission and prevention.
Arezoo Fallah, Parisa Sadat Seyed Moosavi, Saied Ghanbari,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background: Postpartum depression is the most common psychological complication after childbirth. The mother-infant relationship and its challenges are one of the most critical risk factors of postpartum depression. Given the importance of attachment theory in explaining the mother-infant relationship, the present study aimed to identify the components related to mother-infant relationship in order to prevent postpartum depression.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, based on the qualitative method and inductive content analysis approach, individual interviews were conducted with four groups of pregnant mothers (n=6), mothers with infants (n=5), pediatricians (n=3), and psychologists (n=3). The data were coded and extracted. During the second stage, the relevant literature in the field of attachment was reviewed using desk research, whereby the components were extracted. Finally, based on the findings of these two stages, themes related to the mother-infant relationship were identified.
Results: The most important overlapping themes obtained from the two stages of the study included attachment to the fetus, anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum, child care, reception of support, and the impact of the relationship with parents which were identified as the main themes related with the mother-infant relationship.
Conclusion: Considering the importance of mother-infant relationship as a postpartum depression risk factor, the present study strived to identify the main components of this relationship from the perspective of research literature, along with a qualitative study, to identify the real needs of mothers to be used as a basis for subsequent interventions.
