Yafteh

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Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common syndrom in community, especially in females. The object of this study is to determine the prevalence of most common Bacteria causing UTI and Antibiogram pattern respectively in Ahwas population. Materials & methods: In this retrospective descriptive study we gathered all urine culture results from lab centers. Results: From 48850 cases, 34360 (70.34%) and 14490 (29.66%) were females and males, respectively. The most frequent pathogens were E.coli (46.29%), S.saprophyticus (25.8%) and Klebsiella (16.93%). Enterobacter, Proteus citrobacter, Pseudomonas and S.epidermidis were consisted the remainder of causes. The most Susceptible Antibiotics for the most prevalent pathogens, were: Nalidixic Acid, Vancomycine, and Nitrofurantoin, respectively. Conclusion: This pattern is similar to that mentioned in textbooks and published reports from other cities in Iran.

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مقدمه: پرسنل بهداشتی و دانشجویان پزشکی در مقایسه با سایر گروههای جامعه به دلیل مواجهه مکرر با بیماران و فرآورده های خونی و نیز ترشحات قسمت های مختلف بدن در ریسک بالاتر ابتلاء به بیماریهای عفونی از جمله هپاتیت B قرار دارند (1). یکی از راههای پیشگیری، مصون سازی توسط واکسیناسیون علیه این بیماریها است. هدف از این مطالعه، تعیین سطح آنتی بادی ضد ویروس هپاتیت B پس از واکسیناسیون بود (1). مواد و روشها: این مطالعه توصیفی ـ مقطعی بر روی تعداد 36 نفر از اینترن های دانشگاه علوم پزشکی لرستان که 3 دوز واکسن را به صورت کامل دریافت نموده و از آخرین زمان تزریق آنها حداکثر 6 سال گذشته است، انجام شد. نمونه های خون گرفته شده از لحاظ سطح آنتی بادی ضد ویروس هپاتیت B به طریقه الیزا بررسی شدند. یافته ها: نتایج حاکی از آن بود که 4/44 درصد اینترنها پاسخ ایمنی متوسط و در حد قابل قبول نسبت به واکسیناسیون داشته (MIU 10 MIU > HBs Ab > 100) و 6/55 درصد اینترنها از سطح ایمنی خوبی نسبت به واکسیناسیون برخوردار بودند (MIU < 100). عدم پاسخ به واکسیناسیون در هیچ کدام از اینترن ها مشاهده نشد (MIU 10 <). بین سطح آنتی بادی ضد هپاتیت B (HBs Ab)، گروه سنی، جنسیت، فاصله آخرین تزریق واکسن و نیز رعایت فواصل بین تزریق 3 دوز واکسن رابطه معنی داری بدست نیامد. نتیجه گیری:کل نتایج بیانگر پاسخ ایمنی مناسب و قابل قبول در اینترنهای تحت مطالعه نسبت به دریافت 3 دوز واکسن بود.

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Background: Zinc is essential for nucleic acid metabolism, protein synthesis and tissue healing. Zinc deficiency has detrimental effects on child health and increases mortality rate of pneumonia and gastroenteritis. By improving absorptive function of villous cells and by reducing pathogenic enterobacteriaceae in lumen, Zinc improves diarrhea outcome in children. Previous studies in developing countries are available regarding zinc efficacy in acute and persistent diarrhea. We tried effectiveness of zinc treatment in acute diarrhea of children in Lorestan province. Materials and methods: A triple blinded randomized controlled trial was planned over test and control groups. Each group contained 36 children aged 12 to 60 months with acute watery diarrhea whom weight for height was below -2SD under median according to Waterlow's classification. Test group took 1mg/kg/day zinc (in the form of 1% zinc sulfate solution). Then, diarrhea duration, daily times of bowel movement and weight gain were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS Version 13. Results: T-test showed that daily diarrhea in test and control group was 3.30.99 times and 4.91.1 times respectively. Duration of diarrhea in them was 4.93.2 days and 7.83.9 days. Weight gain was 223.05110.8 grams and 95.8106.4 grams. The results were significantly different between two groups at p<0.05. No child in zinc group suffered persistent diarrhea or weight loss. Conclusion: Zinc sulfate could be a part of acute gastroenteritis treatment plan in children besides other nutritional and hygienic orders especially in malnourished children in developing countries.

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With industrial and economic growth and production of different compounds and chemical materials which human being has gained using natural resources for his ease and comfort , in turn , he introduces matters such as heavy metals and toxic agents into the nature , an unwanted process which leads to serious problems and dangers either for environment or for himself. This study aims at determination of heavy metals concentration (As,Pb,Cd,Cr,Hg and Zn) in water resources and wells of Aleshtar during 4 seasons in the year 2009. Materials and Methods :This cross- sectional study was carried out to determine concentration of heavy metals including As, Pb,Cd, Cr, Hg, Zn in Aleshtar drinking water resources. twenty samples from five drinking water wells were systematiclly collected and carried to water lab. By use of express standard methods,samples were 10 times concentrated, then metals concentralion determined by AAP(WFX130) and data analyzed by SPSS and EXCELL soft wares. Results: The results showed that concentration average of Hg ,Zn and Cd was zero during the sampling and concentration average of As,Pb and Cr in drinking water wells were 0.0033, 0.0788 and 0.01 mg/l respectively. Conclusion: Findings indicated that concentration average of heavy metals in all studied drinking water wells were lower than standard limit and no significant difference was observed during 4 stages of sampling , consequently ,drinking water of the mentioned wells are not polluted to the heavy metals.

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Background : Ziziphora tenuior is one of the traditional medicinal plants. The main active chemical compounds in this plant is Pulegone that its anti-inflammatory and its analgesic effects is well specified. In the present study, the analgesic effects of Ziziphora tenuior native of Sirjan zone (underflow) on the adult male mice was studied. Materials and Methods: In this study, after collecting leaf and twigs in Sirjan zone, The extract of Ziziphora tenuior was prepared by soaking method. Action of analgesia was evaluated using the formalin test. Hydro alcoholic extract at concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 mg per kg of body weight, was injected intraperitoneally. The control group had no treatment, and case group received drug solvent, normal saline intraperitoneally, and group 6 received morphine to rate of 0/2 mg kg. The data gathered and analyzed by SPSS 17 software and ANOVA statistical test in a significant level (P<0/05). Results: The results of this study showed that in adult male rats intraperitoneal injection of Ziziphora tenuior of Pariz zone (Sirjan) at concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 mg kg as morphine reduced the primary and secondary phases of pain which induced by formalin . Conclusion: The data showed that the medicinal herb of Ziziphora tenuior, has analgesic effects on mice and this plant should be considered in future treatments and it can be a good alternative to chemical drugs.

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Background : Salmonella is a short rod shape, gram-negative, non-encapsulated, aerobic and anaerobic options that cause food poisoning in humans. Raw food of animal origin, particularly meat and eggs of birds have important role in the transfer of this disease. Since duck and turkey eggs are very important in the transmission of Salmonellosis and consuming of local and non-industrial eggs of ducks and turkeys in this area is common, the present study was performed to clarify the prevalence of salmonella contamination. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 300 native duck and turkey eggs were collected and transferred to the lab. In laboratory after sampling from surface of the eggs shell were disinfected with 80% ethanol and contents of 5 duck and turkey eggs, sparately mixed in special dishes. After 24 hr incubation at 37°C with a swab in selenite - F broth were inoculated. Samples were transferred to Salmonella - Shigella agar from selenite-f environment. After incubation in 37°C, colonies suspected to Salmonella were evaluated. Suspicious colonies in the TSI and lysine decarboxylase environments were inoculated. And bacteria that had reactions related to Salmonella, were studied by PCR with specific primers for Salmonella and serotypes of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium. Results: A total of 300 eggs of ducks and turkeys ,7 cases (2.3%) were contaminated with Salmonella, and from 7 unclean egg s shell , 1 case of turkey egg shell (0.66%) was infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. And 6 duck eggs shell (4%) were infected, that all of the serotypes were Salmonella Typhimurium. Conclusion: Regarding the present study, and other researches, it can be concluded that the Salmonella infection in the duck and turkey eggs were less than poultry eggs and it seems that vertical transmission of Salmonella in the turkeys and ducks was less than poultry.

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Background: Academic failure, conceived of as lack of success in one’s education, is of paramount importance for students of medical sciences and it might lead to more acute problems. The present study set out to investigate the prevalence and underlying reasons of academic failure in Lorestan University of medical sciences. 

Materials and Methods: In this cohort study, academic records of all students of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences during the academic years of 2006-2011 were collected from education and student affair center and also, demographic and educational records were entered into a checklist. Inappropriate grade point average, being a provisional student, prolonged graduation, expulsion and dropout were taken into account as academic failure. To model the related effective factors, logistic regression was adopted and significance level was set at 0.05.

Results: The cumulative incidence of academic failure was about 25.1%. Factors such as department, being self-funded or government-funded student, academic grade students are pursuing, the elapsed time between academic grades, gender and location of residence were related to academic failure (P<0.05). It is worth mentioning that no relationship was observed between the academic failure and being accepted based on quota system.

Conclusion: The most important at risk groups were students of department of medicine and health, associate or medical doctoral students, self-funded students, students with a considerable time elapsed between their academic grades, male students and students living in dormitory. It is suggested that these students refer to consulting centers of university or educational supervisors and receive particular attention.

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Background: The first step in improving research conduction in society can be conceived as identifying the weak points of research. Given that faculty members of universities carry out most of the research activities, the present study attempts to study the relationship between barriers to research from the viewpoint of the faculty members of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences and the research activities of them.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, using census method, assessed all of the faculty members of Lorestan university of medical sciences. A self-administered questionnaire analyzing the faculty members’ demographic variables, knowledge about and attitudes toward barriers to different steps of research was designed and the self-report questionnaires were filled out and their relationship with the annual assessment scores in research criteria were assessed by chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results: Variables such as the faculty members’ department, number of their modules, primary motivation for research conduction, knowledge about variables such as research methodologies, searching strategies in medical databases, putting forward proposals, research article writing and also, attitude towards vaiables such as approved research priorities, putting forward proposals, quality of research advice, approval of proposals in research councils,  research facilities, the process of peer review of national scientific articles, presenting papers in conferences and participating in theses were related to the research performance of them (p<0.05).

Conclusion: If seems that giving special privileges to the faculty members of faculty of medicine,  those with many modules and those with no optimal knowledge and attitude, we can enhance their motivation to participate in research activities.

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