Yafteh

Background & Objectives: As a chemotherapy drug which is used for the treatment of cancer, busulfan causes certain complications in tissues, including the genital system, due to the existence of free radicals. Preserving the reproductive system and fertility with medications and antioxidant supplements seems necessary in these patients.
Materials & Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were used in 4 groups of 8. For the control group, the busulfan solution was injected (incl. DMSO + PBS) at a volume of 0.1 ml, and for the busulfan group, a single dose of 10 mg / kg was injected intraperitoneally. The Co.A Q10 group received 10 mg / kg of body weight daily (0.15 ml) by intraperitoneal injection for 35 days. At the end of the experiment, the serum of animals was collected in order to measure the antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, after measuring the testicular to testicle ratio, the testicles were divided into two parts and evaluated for the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 genes, and immunohistochemical staining they got.
Results:  The results showed that oxidative stress increased in muscles treated by busulfan in 35 days, while it was significantly decreased in the Co.A Q10 receptor group by increasing antioxidant enzymes. RT-PCR evaluation showed that Caspase 3 and Bcl-2 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in the group receiving busulfan alone.
Conclusion: The use of Co.A Q10 supplementation can lead to a renewal of spermatogenesis due to the reduction of oxidative stress and the effect on apoptosis in busulfan treated mice

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries are among the serious health problems of today's societies. These injuries cause long-term disabilities that last until the end of life. This study aimed to histologically and functionally determine the effect of alpha-tocopherol using allografts in a rat sciatic nerve repair model.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 45 male rats were divided into three groups (n=15 each). Group 1 was designated as the healthy group without nerve manipulation. In group 2, as the positive control group, the rats received 10 μl of sterile normal saline buffer solution intraperitoneally for one week. In the third group, designated as the treatment group (allografts, alpha-tocopherol), alpha-tocopherol was intraperitoneally injected with the same volume at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day for one week. Subsequently, the rats underwent histological evaluation postoperatively at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks following the operation. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 17 software. After evaluating the normality of the data by the Shapiro-Wilks test, the results were reported as mean ± standard deviation, and were analised by One Way ANOVA tests and Tukey^,s post HOC test under significance level of 0.05.
Results: The results showed that the morphometric and functional indices of the sciatic nerve in the third group were significantly different from the second group (P<0.05). These indicators were improved in the third group.
Conclusion: Treatment with alpha-tocopherol and allografts resulted in significant differences with the control and allografts groups in terms of axon diameter, the number of nerves, and the thickness of the myelin sheath. These differences imply the beneficial effect of this drug on inflammatory cells in the spinal cord and brain.

Background: The incidence of breast cancer is increasing in many countries. Therefore, early-stage breast cancer detection is of great importance in order to improve the chances of detection and treatment, as well as the prevention of women's deaths. Nowadays, despite the progress in cancer treatment, the use of non-molecular technologies, such as gastroscopy, computed tomography, and protein biomarkers, is still at the center of clinical cancer screening. These methods have some disadvantages, including low specificity and sensitivity. As a result, in breast cancer screening, most cancer patients may fail to be diagnosed and then miss the ideal treatment period. The objective of the present study was to examine the efficacy of biomarkers, specifically circulating cell-free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, and exosomes present in peripheral blood plasma, as a non-invasive means of detecting cancer at an early stage. In recent years, many efforts have been made to investigate the relationship between methylation markers and breast cancer. It appears that analyzing the DNA methylation pattern in blood for breast cancer could be a promising candidate for further research to confirm their roles in early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and dynamic monitoring of breast cancer as a non-invasive method. Although the use of blood-based DNA methylation for medical applications is still in its early stages and is along with some challenges (e.g., the lack of unified standards for detection methods between studies and poor reproducibility of selected markers), in some cases, false negative results may be reported due to the low blood-based DNA concentration. However, with the increased sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic kits, their broader applications can be seen in the future.