Yafteh

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Cisplatin is a major anti-neoplastic agent which nephrotoxicity is its main side effect and limits its usage in cancer chemotherapy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly responsible for cisplatin induced nephropathy, so we determined the effects of oral administration of ethanolic olive leaf extract (OLE) as a plant antioxidant on nephrotoxicity of this drug. Material and methods: 21 adult male wistar rats were divided to 3 groups: “OLE75+CP” group [14 days of oral administration of OLE (75mg/kg) before i.p. injection of 5mg/kg cisplatin], “Water+CP” group [14 days of oral administration of water before i.p. injection of cisplatin] and “Water+Saline” [As previous group with administration of saline instead of cisplatin]. Plasma samples were collected 72h after cisplatin injection and Urine samples were collected for 24h before blood sampling. Plasma creatinine (PCr) and urea, fractional excretion of Na and K, creatinine clearance and relative kidney weights were determined in various groups as kidney function tests. Results: Cisplatin led to significant deterioration of all of this kidney function tests. Oral aministration of OLE significantly reduced PCr and fractional excretion of K. Plasma urea level was lower in “OLE75+CP” than Water+CP” group with a marginally significant level (p=0.08). Other kidney function tests were not significantly different between these 2 groups. Conclusion: Low dose oral administration of an olive leaf extract preparation (especially enriched in oleuropein) for 14 days could partially reduce cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The effects of higher doses of the extract remains to be investigated.

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It is well known that pathogenesis of ethanol in liver and kidney is directly related to increase of free radicals and oxidative stress which lead to the structural and functional damage in these two vital organs. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight identical groups and were treated as follows: control group (normal saline), the ethanol-fed group (4 g/kg body weight), 3 groups received three doses of Ziziphus jujuba fruit extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight) and 3 groups were fed with three doses of Ziziphus jujuba fruit extract plus ethanol (50, 100, 200 mg/kg plus 4 gr /kg body weight). All treatment were applied once daily by gastric gavage for 60 consecutive days. Samples of serum, liver and renal tissues were achieved for analysis of serum components, antioxidant enzymes, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) from rats. Results: Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) liver activities were decreased significantly in ethanol group compared to the control group. While, only glutathione peroxidase activity of liver increased significantly by administration of Z.jujuba fruit extract (200 mg/kg). The activity of kidney GPx, increased significantly in ethanol group compared to the control group. Also, kidney GPx activity decreased significantly in Z.jujuba fruit extract and ethanol group (200 mg/kg plus 4gr/kg) in comparison with the control group. In the present study, liver TBARS concentration, indicator of lipid peroxidation, increased significantly in ethanol group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Pretreatment by Z.jujuba fruit extract can protect liver and kidney against ethanol–induced oxidative stress.

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Cisplatin is a major chemotherapeutic drug in the treatment of some cancers and nephropathy is its main side effect. Reactive oxygen species have an important role in the nephrotoxicity of this drug. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of Satureja Khuzestanica essential oil, which contains antioxidant agents, on Cisplatin induced nephropathy. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on male 200-300gr Wistar rats. In control group Cisplatin (5mg/kg) was injected. In case groups, Satureja Khuzestanica essential oil with 50, 100 and 200mg/kg doses and then Cisplatin were injected. Also in some other groups essential oil and then normal saline (instead of Cisplatin) were injected. Three days after Cisplatin injection, plasma Creatinine and Urea levels and Creatinine clearance and fractional excretion of Na were measured as renal function tests. Results: Simultaneous administration of essential oil with a dosage of 200mg/kg and Cisplatin resulted in the death of animals. The essential oil injection with a dosage of 100mg/kg intensified nephropathy of Cisplatin and with a dosage of 50mg/kg the intensity of nephropathy did not have any significant difference with the control group. Essential oil administraton by itself had no effect on renal function. Conclusion: Simultaneous administration of Satureja Khuzestanica essential oil with Cisplatin not only will not decrease nephrotoxicity of this drug but also may increase the intensity of Cisplatin induced nephropathy in higher doses.

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Background : Despite regular exercise benefits, acute exhaustive exercise elicits oxidative damage in liver. The present study aims to investigate the effects of a week aqueous Saffron extracts consumption on malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) Antioxidant enzymes alterations content of liver of young male rats following an acute bout of exhaustive exercise.

Materials and Methods: We randomly classified 48 Wistar male rats were assigned into following three groups 16 rats per group: 1) control 1 (saffron extract solvent); 2) control 2 (saffron extract solvent+ training); 3) experimental (aqueous saffron extract, 50 mg/kg + training).After a week, half of each group were killed without exhaustive, but the remaining rats (control 2 and experimental) were killed immediately after performed an acute bout of exhaustive exercise and SOD, CAT , GPx and MDA in their liver were measured.

Results: The MDA level and anti-oxidant enzymes activities didn’t change significantly, in the liver tissue in experimental group unlike control group of rats following an acute bout of exhaustive exercise

Conclusion: The consumption aqueous extract of saffron stigma in rats leads to the reinforcemen of the antioxidant defense system and prevented the MDA level and anti-oxidant enzymes defense system in the liver tissue of rats following an acute bout of exhaustive exercise.

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Background: Some scientific data have been reported the positive effects of natural antioxidants on modulating the Total Antioxidant Capacity and muscular damage indicators.
The aim of this research was to examine the effects of Short-Term Grapefruite juice Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation and Total Antioxidant Capacity and some muscular damage indicators in young men following a session of intensive an resistanceactivity.
Materials and Methods: In a randomized double-blind study twenty young men students were randomly divided into two equal groups of experimental, and control. After supplementation period, subjects performed a session of intensive resistance activity at 85% of one repetition maximum. Changes in the Total Antioxidant Capacity and malondialdehyde and muscular damage indicators (Lactate dehydrogenase and Creatine Kinase) were determined in three phases.
Results: The results showed that changes in the Total Antioxidant Capacity and malondialdehyde after exercise not significantly in the supplementation group, but significantly in the control group. Also, changes in plasma Lactate dehydrogenase and Creatine Kinase after activity were significantly in the control and supplementation groups.
Conclusion: It seems that Short-Term Grapefruit juice supplementation will be useful for improving levels of plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity and thereby inhibiting exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and modification in plasma increased Lactate dehydrogenase and Creatine Kinase after intensive resistance training.