Yafteh

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Mes daghin ia A¹, Yunesian M², Naseri S¹, Jafari A³, Moradi A⁴, Farahdoust F⁵, Yaghoubi L⁶

1. Professor, Department of environmental health, Faculty of public health and institute of health research, Tehran University of medical sciences

2. Assistant professor, Department of environmental health, Faculty of public health and institute of health research, Tehran University of medical sciences

3. Instructor, Department of environmental health, Faculty of health, Lorestan University of medical sciences

4. Master of science, Epidemiology, Hamadan University of medical sciences

5. Master of science, Social researches

6. Bachelor of science, Environmental health

Abstract

Background: Environmental exposures usually occur to chemical, physical and microbiological factors. WHO has evaluated related loading of 25 risk factors that 7 of these are environmental factors. With regard to the lack of comprehensive studies, this survey was carried out in Tehran to investigate the knowledge of the citizens on environmental pollutions, related health effects and their information sources.

Materials and methods: Present survey was carried out on 1596 individual upper than 18 years old. Samples were taken randomly. Data was collected by phone interview. In order to determine correlation between qualitative variables, Chi -square test was used. In necessary condition OR index was used. Reliability of questions in any part was tested by principal component analysis.

Results: Results of this survey showed that in general 54.2% of people have a good knowledge about environmental pollution and health effects. The knowledge of women, youths (18 - 20years old), university educated people (PhD), westerns and northern, and those who had got their information from radio / TV is more than others. The knowledge of people about the environmental pollution and their health effects with education level and source of information had a significant difference. After elimination the effect of variables that probably interfere with knowledge of people, logistic regression was done. In this case, there was a correlation between education level and information sources. More than 80% of people got their information from radio and TV. Newspaper and social conversation were the next important sources, respectively.

Conclusion: Although Tehran citizen knowledge about some environmental problems and related institutions was low, in general, Tehran citizens knowledge about the problem and special health issues resulted from air pollution was good. With regard to importance of environmental factors in public health because of machinery life especially in large cities of our country, more research should be accomplished to identify and how to control them.

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Equal access to health care services is among the basic human rights. Unequal distribution of hospital resources especially intensive care beds encounter access to this critical care with problem. intensive care beds is one of most valuable and important sources of health care system that its unequal and inequity distribution among our country provinces more over transportation of emergency patients can cause irreparable complications. The aim of this study was to assess degree of equity in distribution of CCU1, ICU2, Post CCU3, Post ICU4, NICU5 beds among provinces of country. Materials and Methods: The present applied study has been written by descriptive and analytical method. Needed data has been collected form the latest documents in ministry of health, treatment and medical education and statistical center of Iran. The amount of distributional equity calculated using EXCELL2007 by more applied equity indices in this field, Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve. Also the geographical concentration map, for intensive care beds in country, was drawn which is surely necessary for policy making in the health field. Results:The total number of CCU, ICU, PICU, PCCU and NICU beds were 4194, 3720, 291, 4097 and 1129 respectively. The maximum values for any intensive care beds by province were recorded in Tehran. The most proportion of CCU, ICU, PICU, PCCU and NICU beds per 100,000 people revealed in Yazd, Tehran, Yazd, Qom and Khorasan Razavi provinces respectively. Finally Gini coefficients for CCU, ICU, PICU, PCCU and NICU distributions were calculated 0.13, 0.17, 0.15, 0.11 and 0.23 respectively. Conclusion: Though geographic maps of intensive care beds concentration show different concentration of this bed among provinces but this difference in Gini index is negligible. Finally it can be concluded that approximately absolute equality in distribution of intensive care beds-except NICU- observed among our country provinces .

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