Showing 24 results for Pain
Bizhan Khorasani , Abdolrahim Gholizadeh Pasha ,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Khorasani B1, Gholizadeh Pasha A2 1. Assistant professor, Department of surgery, Faculty of medicine, Tehran University of rehabilitation
2. Assistant professor, Department of surgery, Faculty of medicine, Babol University of medical sciences
Abstract
Background: Acute appendicitis is a completely known disease but for many physicians chronic appendicitis is unknown and some of them don believe in it. Although the number of people suffer from chronic appendicitis is much fewer than those who suffer from acute appendicitis, we shouldn ignore it. Clinical symptoms for these patients are chronic, longtime and recurrent abdominal pain, which is usually in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. In the Para clinical examinations there isn any considerable pathological problem (in urine, stool, and sonography of the abdomen and pelvis.) By recognizing appendicitis and appendectomy, the symptoms will be vanished and the patients will recover.
Case presentation: The case was a 57-year-old man who has complained from chronic abdominal pain in the RLQ area since 15years ago. No pathological problem had been found in all diagnostic process.
Conclusion: The problem was diagnosed as the chronic appendicitis and he underwent the appendectomy by laparoscopic procedure and was completely recovered.
Mohammad Sofiabadi , Mohammad Hosein Esmaeili , Hashem Haghdost , Nematollah Ghaibi ,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (4-2008)
Abstract
Abstract Background: For long time medical scientists have speculated about alleviation of pain so that they have attempted to prescribe a potent analgesic with the least side effects. There are some records in Iranian traditional medicine showing that Elaeagnus angustifolia L. decreases inflammation and pain. Therefore, in this study the analgesic effect of the aqueous extracts of E. angustifolia leaves was evaluated on male rats. Materials and methods: The analgesic effect of the extract was studied using formalin test on 35 male rats. Decoction extracts of the leaves with 25, 50, 100 (mg/kgw/ip) concentration were prepared and used. The reaction of the extracts against pain were assessed in comparison to a routine non-steroid anti–inflammatory and pain drug (Diclofenac 5 mg/kgw/hp). Results: The extract had a significant and dose-dependent analgesic effect on both pain phases that were induced by formalin and it was more potent than the effect of Diclofenac. Conclusion: The extract of E. angustifolia leaves has the optimal reaction against pain and this effect is produced peripherally and centrally. The E. angustifolia leaves contain flavonoids and terpenoids and the analgesic effect of extract is probably from the anti– inflammatory reactions of these materials.
Asghar Akbari ,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (1-2009)
Abstract
Akbari A1
1. Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Abstract
Background: Shoulder pain is the third most prevalent cause of musculoskeletal disorder after low back and cervical pains. Most of the shoulder symptoms are attributed to the rotator cuff. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of low-power laser therapy with ultrasound therapy on the patients with rotator cuff tendonitis.
Materials and methods: This clinical trial was performed in Zahedan university of medical sciences in 2006. Thirty patients with rotator cuff tendonitis were randomly assigned to either a low-power laser therapy group (15 patients) or an ultrasound therapy group (15 patients). Strength (kg) of shoulder abductor, and internal and external rotator muscles, as well as range (degree) of shoulder abduction, and internal and external rotation were measured before and after intervention using hand-held dynamometer and goniometer respectively. The pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale. In the laser group, a low-level Ga-As laser was applied with a 100 mw point probe (average power), wave length of 905 nm, pulse duration of 200 ns, 6 J/cm2 dosage, 5 KHz frequency, and lasting 3 minutes. The ultrasound treatment was applied with a power of 1 W/cm2, a frequency of 1 MHz, pulse mode of 1:4, and lasting 10 minutes on each occasion. The treatment was carried out 3 times weekly for 10 days. The data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and paired t-test.
Results: The pain in the laser group was significantly decreased from 6.06±1.6 to 5±1.3 in abduction, from 5.3±1.5 to 4.7±1.3 in internal rotation, and from 5.06±1.4 to 4.3±1.44 in external rotation (p<0.05). On the other hand, the pain in the ultrasound therapy group was decreased from 6.3±1.06 to 6.2±1.01 in abduction, from 6.07±0.9 to 5.9±0.84 in internal rotation, and from 5.87±0.92 to 5.8±0.96 in external rotation (p>0.05). A significant improvement after treatment was observed in the laser group in measures of shoulder abductor, internal rotator and external rotator muscles strength compared to those of the ultrasound therapy group (p<0.05). The pain level was also significantly decreased after the treatment in the laser group compared to the ultrasound therapy group in each of the three movements (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In rotator cuff tendonitis, the results support the effectiveness of Gallium-arsenide low power laser therapy in order to decrease pain, and subsequently the occurrence of muscle strength. A period of low power laser therapy is more efficient than ultrasound therapy.
Mozhgan Saki , Azam Mohsenzade , Mohammad Javad Tarrahi , Mandana Saki ,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (1-2009)
Abstract
Saki M¹, Mohsenzade A², Tarrahi MJ³, Saki M4 1. Instructor, Department of Health, Faculty of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences 3. Instructor, Department of Health, Faculty of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences 4. Instructor, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Abstract Background: Neonates expose to painful procedures even when come to birth healthy. Pain reduction is a definite right for each living creature during medical intervention. It has bee proved by many studies that painful experiences during babyhood, besides the early complications such as tachycardia, tachypnea and increase of body metabolic needs, can intensify individual’s physiologic and behavioral responses to pain in next stages of life. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of supine, prone and kangaroo care (KC) positions on diminishing the pain response of term neonates during acute pain of venopuncture. Materials and methods: In this clinical trial study, 50 healthy neonates between 39 to 40 weeks of gestational age with physiologic icter requiring bilirubin estimation were assigned to receive a venous puncture and assessed for their responses to the pain of venopuncture performed in a standard manner. Blood sampling was performed by an expert nurse in charge of each neonate in three positions including supine, kangaroo care (KC) at a 24-hour interval during 3 days. The place and condition of sampling were equal for all neonates. Pain responses were assessed using DAN scale, then the gathered data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests. Results: According to the obtained results there was no significant differences between pain score in supine and prone positions. Limb movements score in supine position was significantly higher than two other positions (P<0.001) and vocal expression score in KC position was significantly higher than two other positions. In supine position, pain profile score was significantly lower in subjects with higher weight and there was same result in KC position. Conclusion: Based on the results, KC position seems to effectively decrease pain during venopuncture and other painful procedures, but it is suggested to do similar studies to complete the outcome of the present study.
Fariba Tarhani , Rajab Rashidi , Shabnam Dalvand , Sakine Tarhani , Ramesh Saki ,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (4-2009)
Abstract
Background: A large number of students tend to carry school backpacks. Carring heavy backpacks is increasingly putting the students at risk, and may cause long term damage to their growing body. This survey was conducted on Khorramabad primary school students to determine if their backpacks are too heavy and the methods of packing and wearing them, and history of back pain among them.
Materials and Methods: This Cross – sectional Study included taking 1009 students, Weighting them and their backpacks, While asking about Packing and wearing methods and the history of back pain.
Results: The results showed that backpacks were heavy in 57/8% of the cases. 24/6% had history of back pain and there were significant relationships between the carrying heavy backpacks and wearing them improperly, and the history of back pain.
Conclusion: The main conclusion in this study was that many students are carrying heavy backpacks and packing and wearing them improperly which put them at risk of back pain and other complications.
Mozhgan Masoudi, Soheila Akbari,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (3-2011)
Abstract
The labor pain is a sever pain which is experienced by women .Fear of labor pain is one of the causes of elective caesarean section. Entonox is known as the most useful and the less dangerous method for mother and child. Using warm water bath- tub is useful to reduce labor pain, and relaxation of mother. The aim of this study was to compare effect of Entonox and warm water on labor pain in pregnant women referred to Khorramabad Assali hospital.
Materials and Methods: This controlled clinical trial study, carried out on 150 pregnant women in active phase of first stage of delivery selected by simple sampling including three groups of Entonox (first experimental group , 50 cases), warm water (second experimental group , 50 cases)and routine method (control, 50 cases).The pain score measured with Visual analog scale (VAS).Pulse oximetry was used to determine oxyhamoglobin saturation(SaO2)and heartbeat rate during these methods .
Results: The results showed that the mean of pain score in Entonox method was significantly lower than warm water method (p <0.001).Labor progress was higher in Entonox method than warm water method and this difference was significant(p=0.005).The means of mother’s pulse rate in response to pain was significantly lower in Entonox method than warm water method(p<0.001). The mean of mothers’ SaO2 in Entonox method was significantly higher than warm water method (p <0.001).
Conclusion: This study shows that Entonox has better effects for pain relief, labor progress, oxygenation of mother and child in comparison with warm water method, therefore we recommend Entonox method to reduce labor pain.
Maryam Rafieirad , Saeed Valipour Chardahcherik ,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (8-2013)
Abstract
Background: Complications of diabetes can be caused by the production of free radicals, which lead to memory problems and increase the risk of dementia. Diabetics are at risk of nervous pains. Gallic acid has antioxidant properties and activity against free radicals.
In this study the effect of oral administration of Gallic acid, were examined on passive avoidance memory and pain in diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into control, diabetes with STZ (60mg/kg), 3-groups of control and 3groups of diabetic rats and received Gallic acid (10, 50&100 mg/kg oral, for two weeks). Blood glucose levels were measured from tail.
Results: Results showed a significant reduction in memory (delayed coming down from the podium) in the diabetic group all days except day of learning (P≤0.01). Dose of 50 mg/kg Gallic acid caused a significant increase in non-diabetic rats on the first day of memory (P≤0.01), third and seventh (P≤0.05) and dose of 10 mg/kg on the first day (P≤0.05). Compared with diabetic group a significant increase was observed in the first day (P≤0.01), third and seventh (P≤0.05) in diabetics receiving doses of 50 and 10mg/kg Gallic acid. The reflex for tail pulling away from the center of pain was significantly lower (P≤0.01) in the diabetic group. And only the dose of 50 caused a significant increase in the diabetic group (P≤0.01).
Conclusion: Probably Gallic acid with strong antioxidant effect led to scavenge free radicals and reduced the complications of diabetes, including pain and may have effects on neural pathways in specific brain regions and has led to improved memory in normal rats and diabetic.
Ashraf Salehi , Hamid Momeni , Abolfazl Seraji ,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (8-2013)
Abstract
Background : Mastalgia is a one of the most common reasons for consultation to all the women who make repeated visits to health care centers.The aim of this research was to compare the effect of Evning primrose and Vitex on mastalgia .
Materials and Methods: This study is a one-stage clinical trials which carried out on 210 women with Mastalgia whom were placed in three groups of 70. The first group: Vitex tablets, the second group: primrose capsules and the control group: vitamin E were given for 2 months. Before and 2 months after the intervention scores for chest pain were campared and evaluated by a questionnaire. The results were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Results showed that the mean pain score in the intervention group has dropped and average days without pain have increased in the three groups and average days with moderate pain decreased in all three groups and average days with severe pain have decreased in all three groups (Cardiff chart) (p<0.0001). Statistical tests showed that the effect of Vitex has been more than the others (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: The results showed that Vitex, has a good therapeutic effect on cyclic Mastalgia and can be used as an effective treatment.
Azen Alavi , Sameyeh Karimi , Sogra Fallahi , Soheila Akbari , Amereh Alinejad ,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract
Background : The aim of this study was to compare maintenance therapy and continuous therapy of magnesium sulfate (MS) in the management of preterm labor.
Materials and Methods: In this single blind randomized control trial, 70 singleton women in 26 to 34 weeks of gestation (WG), were randomly assigned to receive 4gr MS in 200cc D/W 5% during 15 to 20 minutes either infusion therapy with 20 gr MS in 10 hours (group A) or maintenance therapy with 2gr/hr MS for 12 hours.(group B). Data of the participants were collected and analyzed using SPSS13.0, Chi-Square and T test. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The presence of labor pain after 24 and 48 hours, 1 week, and in 34 WG was statistically lower in group B than A. But it was not statistically significant in 37 WG. Duration of pregnancy and Apgar score at 5 min were significantly higher in group B than A. While, NICU admission was higher in group A than B.
Conclusion: Maintenance therapy with 2 mg/hr MS for 12 hr is an effective therapeutic regiment for management of preterm labor pain, to stop the labor pain, which is recommend to treat preterm labor pain.
Ali Ghorbani Ranjbary , Mohamadreza Yaryar , Fatemeh Joybar, Nazanin Ghorbani ,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (2-2015)
Abstract
Background : Ziziphora tenuior is one of the traditional medicinal plants. The main active chemical compounds in this plant is Pulegone that its anti-inflammatory and its analgesic effects is well specified. In the present study, the analgesic effects of Ziziphora tenuior native of Sirjan zone (underflow) on the adult male mice was studied. Materials and Methods: In this study, after collecting leaf and twigs in Sirjan zone, The extract of Ziziphora tenuior was prepared by soaking method. Action of analgesia was evaluated using the formalin test. Hydro alcoholic extract at concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 mg per kg of body weight, was injected intraperitoneally. The control group had no treatment, and case group received drug solvent, normal saline intraperitoneally, and group 6 received morphine to rate of 0/2 mg kg. The data gathered and analyzed by SPSS 17 software and ANOVA statistical test in a significant level (P<0/05). Results: The results of this study showed that in adult male rats intraperitoneal injection of Ziziphora tenuior of Pariz zone (Sirjan) at concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 mg kg as morphine reduced the primary and secondary phases of pain which induced by formalin . Conclusion: The data showed that the medicinal herb of Ziziphora tenuior, has analgesic effects on mice and this plant should be considered in future treatments and it can be a good alternative to chemical drugs.
Mehdi Mohseni , Faredeh Malekshahi , Babak Hadian , Farzad Ebrahim Zadeh ,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (2-2015)
Abstract
Background: Patients with end-stage renal failure, consider recurrent fistula cannulation pain as the most severe stress, resulted from the treatment process, and a major concern of their life. Nurses as one of the main targets of their actions, have a duty to relieve the pain. Accordingly, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of two topical piroxicam and EMLA on fistula cannulation pain intensity in hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 75 patients referred to dialysis ward in Khorramabad Shohada hospital in 2013. Patients were randomly divided into three groups: group A (piroxicam), group B (EMLA) and group C (placebo). Data collection tools included demographic information, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and a checklist for possible side effects of the drugs. Pain intensity during fistula cannulation was measured in the three groups on two occasions, before and after the intervention. The collected data were then analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and SPSS19 software. Results: The median pain intensity before and after the intervention in the three groups, was significantly different (p <0/001). The highest median pain intensity reduction was in the EMLA, piroxicam and placebo groups respectively. In addition, a short term side effect (blanching) in 16% of the subjects was detected in EMLA group. Conclusion:The results showed that EMLA cream was more effective than piroxicam gel in reducing the pain intensity of fistula cannulation in dialysis patients. Therefore, our study recommends to use EMLA cream as an easy method with ability to work by patients, to reduction pain during fistula cannulation in hemodialysis patients.
Karamollah Toolabi, Ali Moazamipur, Kasra Karvandian, Ahmad Reza Dehpour,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have assessed effect of naloxone on pain severity and side effects of opioids however, their results are inconsistent. Our study was design to determine effect of low-dose naloxone on pain, nausea, vomiting, pruritus and urine retention on patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Materials & Methods: In this study 60 patients who need laparoscopic cholecystectomy participated and divided into two groups: naloxone (0.25 mg/kg/h naloxone plus 20 mg/kg/h morphine) and placebo (20 mg/kg/h morphine). Patients were evaluated 2, 4, 8 and 16 h after surgery and severity of pain and side effects including nausea, vomiting, pruritus and urine retention were recorded by a nurse.
Results: Prevalence of nausea, vomiting, pruritus and urine retention in naloxone group was significantly lower than placebo 2, 4, 8 and 16 h after surgery. There was no significant difference on pain severity between two groups.
Conclusion: Our results indicated that naloxone administration significantly decreased side effects of opioid including nausea, vomiting, pruritus and urine retention with no effect on pain severity.
Marzieh Farid, Changiz Rahimi, Nourollah Mohamadi,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background : Chronic pain is a common and debilitating condition, but little effort has been made to understand, diagnose or treat it. The aim of the present study is the prediction of pain, based on personality characteristics, anxiety, and depression among patients suffering from chronic pain.
Materials and Methods: This is a correlation study. 230 patients suffering from chronic pain were selected by convenience sampling among pain clinics of Shiraz city. Patients completed a Demographic Questionnaire, a Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), a NEO Brief Questionnaire (60 questions), a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and a Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Data was analyzed using multiple regression (stepwise regression), Pierson`s Correlation Coefficient, and SPSS18 software.
Results: The results indicated that components of anxiety were able to predict pain severity and pain interference in daily routines and from the Big Five Factors of Personality, neuroticism was positively able to predict chronic pain.
Conclusion: Mood features and personality characteristics influence pain duration and intensity.
Touran Shahraki, Mansour Shahraki, Gholamreza Soleimani, Omid Eslami,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background: Recurrent abdominal pain is one of the common complaints in childhood. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori and giardiasis in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to investigate some risk factors in both infections.
Materials and Methods: In a case-control study 50 symptomatic children and 50 healthy children at Pediatric Center in Zahedan, Iran from 2014-2015 were enrolled. All cases had gastric complaints and undergone endoscopy. Children in both groups were examined for detecting H.pylori stool antigen and presence of giardia infection by direct examination of stools. Risk factors were recorded in both groups by a questionnaire.
Results: 100 children with the age of 6.2 ± 3.7 (58 female) were included. H.pylori stool antigen was positive in 32(64%) cases and 10 (20%) in control group which showed significant differences. Also, endoscopic antral gastritis with colonization of helicobacter pylori were found in 46 cases (92%). Giardiasis was detected in 12% patients and 6% controls, respectively. Co-infection with H. pylori and giardiasis was present in 8% of patients compared to 2% of controls. There was no difference between groups regarding some risk factors except more using common bed in cases.
Conclusion: Co-infection with H.pylori and giardiasis was more frequent in children with recurrent abdominal pain compare to control group. More attention to hygienic conditions in the community is recommended.
Azar Teimouri Toolabi, Mahdieh A Kochakian, Amir Hosein Barati, Mohammad Hosein Alizadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week program of strengthening the quadriceps and hip external rotation on the Q angle of the hip, balance and pain in active females with Patella-pain syndrome PFPS).
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 27 female athletes with PFPS participated in this study and were divided into two groups: control (n=15) and experimental group (n=12). In this study, a Goniometer was used to evaluate the angle Q and to evaluate the dynamic and static balance, a foot-scan and Y-balance function test were used. Pain was evaluated by VAS questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data. To analyze the differences between the two groups, covariance analysis and t-test were used at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The results of this study showed the effect of 8 weeks of strengthening of the quadriceps and hip external rotation on pain variables (P≤0.001), Q angles (P ≤ 0.001), static (P≤0.001) and dynamic (P≤0.001). After 8 weeks, the training group performed better than the control group.
Conclusion: In general, it seems that the strengthening of the quadriceps and hip external rotation muscles results in an improvement in the alignment of the lower limbs and the Q angle. Pain in the area is decreased by reducing contact between the patella and the knee and a knee pain reduction is produced by a strengthening of the hip muscles to improve the performance and balance of athletes with Patella-Femoral-pain syndrome.
Hadis Tavakoli, Bahman Akbari, Arsalan Salari,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background: Non-cardiac chest pain is very pervasive and an alarming complaint that leads people to cardiovascular clinics. However, in many cases there is no physical cause for these pains. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and psychological flexibility in patients with non-cardiac chest pain.
Materials and Methods: This was a semi- experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follows with the control group three months later. The 40 samples were selected by targeted sampling of patients that referred to the Dr. Heshmat's heart hospital in Rasht, and randomly divided into two groups. Participants responded to two questionnaires: Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Psychological Flexibility. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of cognitive-behavioral therapy weekly and there was no intervention for control group. After collecting data, results were analyzed by independent t test, Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results: The results showed that in the experimental group, in contrast to the control group, the mean scores of negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies decrease (F=18.16, p< 0.001). Positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (F=4.76, p< 0.05) and psychological flexibility increased (F=30.82, p< 0.001). This result was maintained at follow-up.
Conclusion: Training by cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and psychological flexibility in patients with non-cardiac chest pain.
Bijan Goodarzi, Dr. Masoud Mirmoezzi, Mohammad Heidarinia, Yasman Goodarzi,
Volume 23, Issue 0 (11-2021)
Abstract
Background: One of the most common knee ligament injuries is anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture which is associated with limited range of motion (ROM). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the one preoperative kinesiotherapy cycle in relieving knee pain, increasing knee strength and range of motion in patients with ACL injury.
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 20 male male patients with ACL injury ranging in age from 17 to 29 years were divided into two intervention groups of kinesiotherapy (n = 11) and control (n = 9). The kinesiotherapy group underwent three sessions per week for 8 weeks. Pain variables, isokinetic strength of knee extensor muscles and knee joint ROM were measured by visual Analogue scale (VAS), goniometer and biodex dynamometer before and after the treatment, respectively. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test at the significant level of p <0.05.
Results: After a period of kinesiotherapy, the mean pain index, maximum quadriceps muscle torque and knee joint ROM improved in the kinesiotherapy group (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Using appropriate kinesiotherapy programs to improve the strength and knee joint ROM; can be a quick solution for athletes with ACL rupture before surgery.
Keywords: Kinesiotherapy, Knee strength, ACL injury, Knee range of motion, knee pain.
Abolfazle Abbaszadeh, Farshid Torkzaban, Mahmood Reza Morad Khani, Setayesh Farhadi, Amin Hasanvand,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background: Neuropathic pain is one of the most important consequences of nerve damage, manifesting itself as various demonstrations, including hyperalgesia and allodynia. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of concomitant use of Epalrestat and Sitagliptin on pain reduction in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model in rats through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on a total of 50 male rats that were randomly assigned to five groups: sham, CCI, CCI+Epalrestat(100 mg/kg, IP injection, for 14 days), CCI+Sitagliptin(10 mg/kg, IP injection, for 14 days), and CCI+Epalrestat(100 mg/kg)+Sitagliptin(10 mg/kg). Rats underwent behavioral tests on days 4, 7, and 14 after the surgery. After 14 days, the spinal cord was collected to measure anti-inflammatory and antioxidant tissue concentrations.
Results: The results of this study demonstrated that simultaneous injection of these two drugs in group 5 had the most neuroprotective effect, compared to that in groups 3 and 4. The results of dynamic responses to mechanical stimulation on the 14th day illustrated that there was no significant difference in groups 3 and 4 . Nonetheless, in Group 5, a significant difference was detected in all factors. The results pointed out that the combined use of Epalrestat and Sitagliptin decreased the levels of Tumor necrosis factor, Interleukin 6, and MDA, and also increased the level of glutathione peroxidase
Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, the concomitant use of Epalrestat and Sitagliptin can be considered effective and safe for the treatment of neuropathic pain with strong inhibition of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress.
Amin Hasanvand, Arefeh Ghiasvand, Mohammadjavad Nourmohammadi, Fatemeh Hatami, Zahra Haghighatian, Yaser Mokhayeri, Mojtaba Khaksarian,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Neuropathic pain is one of the most important chronic and pathological problems that can cause disruptions in human life. Some studies indicated that the release of inflammatory cytokines and increased oxidative activity can increase nerve damage. Adalimumab is a human anti-monoclonal drug that can cause therapeutic effects in different diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effects of adalimumab in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) experimental pain model in rats.
Materials and Methods: A total of 20 male Wistar rats were utilized in this study and were randomly assigned to four groups: the first group served as the control, the second group underwent CCI, the third group received CCI in conjunction with adalimumab (5 mg/kg), and the fourth group received CCI with adalimumab (10 mg/kg). Behavioral assessments were conducted 4, 7, and 14 days post-CCI induction. The spinal cords were extracted after these assessments, and the supernatants were analyzed for inflammatory and oxidative enzymes. Data analysis was performed using Prism GraphPad statistical software.
Results: The analysis of the obtained data indicated that the injection of adalimumab in the third and fourth groups decreased the activity of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP. In addition, it decreased the activity of MDA and increased the SOD and CAT enzymes. Moreover, adalimumab significantly improved the outcomes of thermal allodynia, mechanical allodynia, and thermal hyperalgesia in the CCI rats treated with this medication.
Conclusion: The administration of adalimumab can be used to treat or reduce neuropathic pain with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, along with neuroprotective effects.
Mostafa Cheraghi, Pejman Hashemzadeh, Mehrnoosh Sedighi, Arash Karimi,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (12-2025)
Abstract
Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Valepotriate (from Valeriana officinalis) on pain and inflammation in rats and to determine its possible analgesic and inflammatory mechanisms.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted with the objective of investigating the anti-inflammatory effect. To this end, 40 male rats were randomly divided into five groups. In the pain test, 56 male rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n=8 each).
Inflammation test: 1- Normal saline group, 2- Xylene group, 3- Dexamethasone group, 4 and 5- Groups that received the active ingredient Valepotriate at doses of 0.2 and 0.1 mg/kg as a single dose for each animal.
Pain test: 1- Saline group, 2- Formalin, 3- Morphine + Formalin group, 4-5- Valepotriate group (0.2 and 0.1 mg/kg) + Formalin, 6- Naloxone + Extract group (0.2 mg/kg) + Formalin, 7- Naloxone+ Morphine + Formalin group
Results: The results showed a significant decrease in pain response time at 0.2 doses of Valepotriate in acute and chronic pain phases compared to Formalin (P<0.001). Valepotriate active ingredient also exerted its inhibitory effect on xylene-induced inflammation, with the best inhibition percentage observed for 0.2 mg/kg dose and dexamethasone with extract at 0.2 mg/kg (P<0.01).
Conclusion: According to the results, Valepotriate has a relatively strong analgesic effect. It is likely that the mechanism of analgesic action of the extract is at least relatively similar to that of morphine based on opioid receptors. In the inflammation test, the extract was able to inhibit inflammation in a way similar to dexamethasone.
