Showing 35 results for Children
Azam Mohsenzadeh,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (9-2012)
Abstract
Background : Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative bacteria and it clearly causes histologic gastritis and its role in gastric cancers has been known.
Its prevalence is different in various traditional populations and ages, but the majority is infected in early life and its infection is with manifestations such as gastritis, abdominal pain, anaemia and others.
Materials and Methods: In this cross – sectional study, the sampling method was census. The studied population included hospitalized children in Shahid Madani hospital in 2010 with gastroenteritis that have received no anti Pylori treatment. The studied variables included sex, age, place of residence, kind of drinking water, having pets and the history of hospitalization. The data were gathered by questionnaire and serum samples were tested about anti-Hpylori IgG through ELIZA and then the data were analyzed.
Results: Among 240 patients,16.7% were infected with H.pylori and it was most common in the male group( 60%) and age<2 years old, most of the infected children lived in the city and only 17.5% of them had pets, and 67.5% of the cases had the history of hospitalization especially for respiratory infections.
Conclusion: 16.7% of the children with acute diarrhea had positive serologic test of H.pylori, therefor, diarrhea can not be considered as common symptom of H.pylori.
Mehran Lashanizand , Sara Gholamrezaie ,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background : Asthma is one of the commonest chronic childhood diseases and one of the main factors of hospital admission at these ages. The main causes of increasing death due to asthma are inability in the diagnosis and piddling the severity of the diseases, delay in the recourse and inappropriate treatment. Therefore the early diagnosis of children at risk for urgent admission in special care unit and also identifying environmental factors of incidence and intensification of this disease play an important role in its management.
Materials and Methods: In this study the relationship between climatic variables (temperature, evaporation, relative humidity, sunny hours, wind direction and speed, number of days with frost), and number of asthma attacks leading admission of children in Ayatollah Madani hospital( The only children's hospital) in Khorramabad city was studied .In order to identify the climatic variables that are effective in the incidence of children asthma attacks, multiple regression statistical stepwise method has been used. In this method, 10 climatic independent variables with a dependent variable of children asthma attacks during a 9-year period from 2007 to 2009 were studied, and three climatic variables have been known in three steps.
Results: : In the first Step, monthly average of sunny hours variable (with coefficient of correlation 37.15%) and the amount of p=0.058 was entered into the model and the variable accuracy was confirmed. In the second step the absolute minimum temperature variable (with coefficient of correlation 31.5%) and assumption of being fixed first variable as compared with dependent variable entered to regression model, and in the third step, number of days with frost variable (with coefficient of correlation 9.5%) was entered into the model and the multiple correlation coefficients (78.15%) was yield. The results have indicated that among the climatic variables, monthly average of sunny hours variable with inverse correlation , the minimum absolute temperature and average monthly number of days frost with direct correlation have the most correlation with children asthma attacks.
Conclusion: Comparison of the results of this study with other researches illustrates that effective variables in thermal environmental conditions such as the absolute minimum temperature and frost days have good correlation with asthma attacks. But considerable point is the types of variables that in the past researches between sunny hours and number of days with frost, and the mentioned disease no relationship has been shown.
Farideh Malekshahi, Ali Farhadi ,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background: Child abuse is a global problem and occurs in a variety of forms and is deeply rooted in cultural, economic and social practices. Child abuse is a behaviour which causes physical, psychological, emotional or sexual abuses, consequentlylead to damage of children,s health, peace of mind and education. Based on these considerations, the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of child abuse among junior high school students of Khoramabad in 2012. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 907 junior high school students randomly selected .Data collection tool was a multiple questionnaire incloding child and parents’ demographic information, and a physical emotional abuse and neglect questionnaire. It,s validity and reliability was done by content validity and Test re test. Data were analysed using SPSS v. 19. Results: The findings of this study showed that average age of the cases was 13.36±1.04 and 5.4% of them were always under physical abuse and the most physical abuse was slap on the face , 7.3% emotional abuse and 5.5% neglect. Statistical test showed a significant relation between abuses and parents, educational level, job, addiction and divorce. Conclusion: Results showed that child abuse is common among families, therefore, monitoring of children, ratification of rules supporting children, planing and administration of preventive educational programs can be effective to reduce child abuse.
Hosein Ebrahimi Moghaddam , Afsaneh Badrizadeh, Ali Farhadi,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorders are among the most common disorders in children that may lead to many other disorders for them such as low self-esteem, social isolation, poor social skills and educational problems. Considering the importance of these disorders, we decided to measure the symptoms of anxiety in drawing-a-person test for children of Khorramabad city.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 455 students in the fourth grade of primary school in Khorramabad were selected using cluster sampling and using the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) their anxiety was evaluated. Then 102 cases selected for the test (51 cases among children who had obtained a high score on indicated scale) and control group (51 cases among children who had low score on indicated scale). Drawing-a-person test executed. Finally, indicators were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), inferential statistics tests (Chi-square test and t test) and SPSS software.
Results: Significant signs (p>0.05) in test group children (anxious) were: small eyes, very bold graphic lines, parallel lines shaded and plaid, scrawl and repeated cleaning - abnormal physical state, to use black color, anxious face of dummy, small head, long legs, big feet, horizontal and inflexible arms and closed hands. Also signs of anxiety were significant based on sex in drawing-a-person test.
Conclusion: According to findings of the present research and importance of anxiety disorders recognition in childhood and its impact on life time, it is suggested to pay more attention to these signs of children's drawings. Through timely diagnosis of children with anxiety disorders, future impacts of anxiety can be prevented.
Sasan Saket , Seyed Nasrolah Hosseini , Gholamreza Goudarzi , Azam Mohsenzadeh , Khatereh Anbari, Neda Beyranvand ,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Abstract
Background : Helicobacter pylori is a microorganism which results in gastritis, peptic ulcer and is associated with GI malignancies. This bacteria has an important role in GI disease .There is not enough data about prevalence of H.P infection among children (1-14 years old) in Lorestan province, so this study performed to determine the sero-prevalence of H.P among children referred to Shahid Madani children's hospital of Khorramabad and risk factors related to it were studied too.
Materials and Methods: This analytical epidemiologic study was carried out during 2011-2012. At first children’s parents were interviewed and after filling a questionnaire and an informed consent. Blood samples were obtained from the children in order to determine serum level of H.P IgG using ELIZA method. Demographic data such as age, gender, mother’s education, father’s job, were recorded in the questionnaire .Then statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.
Results: In this research 200 children (1-14 years old) were studied to determine H.Pylori antibody prevalence. The average age of the children was 5.1 ± 2.9. 61% of them were male and 39% were female. Based on age, H.Pylori was most common among children aged 10-14 years old (57.9%) and the least prevalence among children under 1 year old was (16.7%), and according to Fisher exact test this difference was significant (p=0.032). Statistical analysis indicated that H.pylori infection prevalence was significantly higher (54.2%) among low income families (income <2500000 Rials) and this was important (p=0.006). The prevalence was not significant among children living in cities with those living in villages (p=0.83).
Conclusion: Based on serum levels of antibody of H pilory antibody there is a linear relationship between the prevalence of this infection and age ،height and the present weight of the child (p<0.05).It means that with age, height and weight, the amount of serum antibody of H.pylori increases significantly. H.pylori infection prevalence was significantly higher among low income families (income <2500000 Rials).
, , , ,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background: The identification of major dietary patterns using factor analysis can provide information about health status of children by obtaining an overall picture of the person's diet. The aim of this study was to determine major dietary patterns and to identify socioeconomic factors affecting them in school age children in rural areas of Bijar, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 255 rural school age children living rural areas of Bijar were selected by simple random sampling. Dietary intakes during the past year and assessment of socioeconomic information were examined. Dietary patterns were determined using factor analysis and their relation to socioeconomic factors was investigated. Results: Three major dietary patterns," traditional", "modern" and "mixed", were identified. After adjusting for age, sex, ethnic and energy intake, Age of mother (b= 0.03, CI=0.00_0.05) was positively associated and age of father (b= -0.03, CI=-0.05_-0.01), laboring Job for father (b= -0.24, CI=-0.44_-0.03) and higher education of parents (b= -0.20, CI=-0.35_-0.05) were negatively associated with traditional dietary pattern. In addition, higher education of parents (b= 0.27, CI=0.11_0.44) was positively associated and age of mother (b= -0.03, CI=-0.06_0.00) was negatively associated with mixed dietary pattern. Conclusion: Some socio-economic variables such as maternal age, parental education, parental occupation and economic conditions can have effect on major dietary patterns among rural children.
Mahnaz Mardani, Hadis Majidi Mehr, Samira Hajati, Sodabeh Zahre, Azam Mohsenzadeh, Shadi Abdi Bastami,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background : The most important factors affecting nutritional status of infants and its improvement is mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding proper nutrition of their children. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and behavior practice of mothers having children of 6-36 months in health centers of Khorramabad on proper feeding of their children.
Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional descriptive-analytic study , information of 302 mothers of 6-36 months children referred to health centers in Khorramabad were collected thorough maternal health records and interview records , and data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software, chi-square test, Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: Based on the findings and obtained scores by mothers, 69.9% of the women had good knowledge,69.9% had good attitude and 64.6% had good practice on proper nutrition for their children. There was a significant relationship between mothers’ attitude and education, fathers’ education and mothers’ occupation. There was a significant relationship between fathers’ level of practice, job, number of children, and birth order. There was no significant relationship between the attention level to mass media and attitude and knowledge score, but there was a significant correlation with practice. There was no significant relationship between mothers’ knowledge and education, fathers’ education, mothers’ job, fathers’ job, income, number of children and birth order.
Conclusion: According to the results, the level of knowledge, attitude and practice in mothers is in a good level, but due to the potentional role of father in mother,s practice, it seems that a family based educational programs in health centers, hospitals and mass media is necessary.
Saba Hasanvandi, Shirin Ghazi, Ezato Lah Ghadampour,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (10-2017)
Abstract
Background: The present study was to evaluate effectiveness of positive therapeutic program on psychological well-being in women with ADHD children.
Materials and Methods: This study was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with control group kind. The study sample consisted of 50 mothers in 2015-2016. Convenience sampling was applied to select the participants. Participants were quite randomly divided into two groups of 25 individuals. These groups were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control groups. The experimental group received positive program and the control group received no intervention. The therapeutic packages of the positive were conducted for six sessions. Before and after the experiment all of the participants responded to the psychological well-being questionnaire. Three months after the experiment, i.e. the follow-up stage, in order to check storage of the program's effects, the participants answered the instrument. The data were analyzed by covariance (MANCOVA) test using SPSS 18.0.
Results: The results of this study showed that positive program resulted significant effect in all of six components of psychological well-being. It should be noted that all of the results were significant at (p< 0.05) (DF 48, 2) and its effect maintain three months after the experiment (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: Regarding to results, the positive therapeutic program can be effective in decreasing psychological problems. Also, this program is useful in promoting mental health among mothers with psychological problems such as ADHD.
Aziz Zeinvand Lorestani, Rahim Mirnasouri, Masoud Rahmati,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background : Fatty liver disease can result in liver damage along with viral hepatitis, and accelerated disease progression can result in liver tissue fibrosis and liver damage. Aerobic training can reduce the level of liver enzymes (Alp, ALT, and AST) in order for possible treatment of fatty liver disease with aerobic exercise. The present study was performed to assess the effects of Aerobic training on NAFLD.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomized control trial that was performed on 24 obese children (7 to 11 age) with NAFLD, that were divided randomly into two groups (control and experimental). Aerobic exercise was carried out for eight weeks for the experimental group. Before and after the training period, measurements of liver enzyme levels (ALP, ALT, and AST) and liver ultrasound was done. To analyze the data, independent-samples T testing was used.
Results: The results showed that performing aerobic training reduced the levels of liver enzymes ALT (p=0.007), AST (p=0.024), and ALP (p=0.048) in the experimental group significantly.
Conclusion: Aerobic training is recommended as a non-drug treatment for fatty liver disease.
Somaye Sepahvandi, Mohammad Sahebzamani, Hojjatollah Farahani,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder is the most commonly occurring growth disorder. A deficiency in social skills, interests, behaviour and repetitive and limited actions, and a deficiency in communication and social interactions are the hallmarks of autism.
Materials and Methods: this research was a one-group semi-experimental study run by storytelling with a role playing method on studied units. The target population in this study were all patients with autism, who had registered in autism centers in Khorramabad city in 1396 (2017). 30 autistic children aged 6-16 years were selected using an available sampling method. The children were divided into 6 groups of 5 people. The intervention was conducted during 15 sessions of 45 minutes for each group, with a maximum of three stories in each session performed by the Carroll Gray method (a total of 90 sessions in two months). The data was collected and then processed by the ATEC questionnaire before and after the intervention.
Results: The results of analytical tests showed that the communication and social skills of the children before and after the intervention had a significant difference. A communication skill (speech, language, and communication) mean of 0.885 before the intervention, was followed by one of 1.2 afterwards. The correlation between the responses before and after was 0.532, which is significant, with Sig= 0.002. The social skills mean of 0.885 before the intervention, was followed by one of 1.2 afterwards. In this context. The correlation between the responses before and after was 0/684 which is significant, with Sig = 0.000.
Conclusion: The findings show that storytelling with a role play method is one of the most effective and economical therapeutic interventions for improving the communication and social function of children with autism.
Naghme Khodami, Mokhtar Malekpour, Amir Ghamarani, Hamid Atashpour,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background: Oppositional defiant disorder is one of the most common diagnoses of mental health disorders in childhood, which is a recurrent pattern of negative caring behaviors, disobedience, rebellion, and hostility toward the power holder. It has a profound impact on the individual, the family, the school and the community. Hence, the protocol for training the mindfulness skills of children with oppositional defiant disorder was developed to improve the child's interaction with the teacher. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness training for children with oppositional defiant disorder and cognitive-behavioral therapy on the child-teacher interactions.
Materials and Methods: The research method was a semi-experimental pretest-posttest and follow-up with a control group. Sixty 8 to 12-year-old oppositional defiant children were selected by available sampling and were randomly assigned into two experimental groups (interventional technique: mindfulness skills training and cognitive-behavioral therapy) and a control group. Measurement tools consisted of a Teacher-Student Relationship Questionnaire and Questionnaire CSI-4.
Results: The results of the analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that mindfulness training and cognitive-behavioral therapy had significant effects on enhancing the child interactions with the teacher. Studies have also showed a significant difference between the increasing child-teacher interaction with mindfulness training and cognitive-behavioral therapy ((P =0.001).
Conclusion: The rise of child-teacher interactions in the cognitive-behavioral group is greater than the increase in the child-teacher interactions in the group with mindfulness training.
Zivar Aryasadr, Iran Davoodi, Abdolkazem Neissi, Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarmand,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a time-consuming and severe mental illness that causes significant distress and impaired functioning. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on the symptoms and functions of children with OCD.
Materials and Methods: The research plan was single-case or single-subject. The statistical population of this research included all the children with OCD within the age range of 7-12 years who referred to counseling and psychiatric centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2020. In total, four children who were diagnosed with OCD were selected by the available sampling method and received family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention in 12 sessions. In this study, the required data were collected using Yale-Brown Child Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Scale and the Child Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Impact Scale. Data analysis was performed using visual charting or graphical analysis methods, reliable change index, and percentage of improvement.
Results: The results showed that a reliable change index was significant for symptoms and function in treatment and follow-up (P<0.05). Moreover, the percentage of overall improvement showed the effectiveness of family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on the symptoms and function of children with OCD in treatment and follow-up stages. All four children were in the successful treatment category based on the Classification of Blanchard.
Conclusion: Family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy can be beneficial and effective on the symptoms and function of children with OCD.
Hamid Reza Sherkatolabbasieh, Pegah Shakib, Nazanin Khademi, Faranak Rezaei,
Volume 23, Issue 5 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Bacterial meningitis is an acute infection of the meninges requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment. Clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological findings of meningitis are of utmost importance for rapid diagnosis and treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate patients with meningitis based on their epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory findings and compare these variables between patients with septic and aseptic meningitis.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study, all children with suspected meningitis in Shahid Madani Hospital in Khorramabad in 2014-2015 were examined for spinal fluid culture, age, gender, seasonal distribution, and antibiogram results.
Results: Among 63 patients with meningitis, 30 (47.6%) cases had septic meningitis, and 33 (52.4%) subjects had aseptic meningitis. Out of 30 patients with septic meningitis, 4 (13.3%) patients had positive microbial culture. Among patients with septic meningitis, only four bacterial isolates were isolated by the microbial culture method, out of which Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common bacterium and the prevalence was higher in autumn and winter. The most effective antibiotics were cotrimoxazole and vancomycin with a sensitivity of 100%; nonetheless, there was relatively high resistance to cloxacillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin. The number of white blood cells (WBCs), sugar, and protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in septic meningitis were compared with aseptic meningitis, and a significant difference was observed between the two groups. There was also a significant difference between gender and septic meningitis, and male patients were more likely to suffer from septic meningitis.
Conclusion: The prevalence of aseptic meningitis was higher than that of septic meningitis. Microbial tests are very effective in the correct diagnosis and treatment; however, the level of WBC, glucose, and protein in CSF can also be of great help in diagnosing different types of meningitis, especially septic meningitis.
Fatameh Foladi, Ali Farhadi, Kourosh Goodarzi,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background: Child abuse and neglect are global problems with negative outcomes in the quality of life among children. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group training on child-abuser mothers and the quality of life of children.
Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this study included all preschool children in kindergartens in Khorramabad, Iran. Using the cluster sampling method, 23 children who gained the abuse score were selected, along with their mothers were selected and randomly divided into an experimental (n=10) and a control (n=13) group. The mothers in the experimental group received cognitive-behavioral training for eight 90-minute sessions. The tools used to collect data consisted of the Child Abuse Scale (Mohammadkhani, 2011) and the Quality of Life Questionnaire (Fakkes, 2000). The gathered data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of <0.05.
Results: The data analysis of this study showed that group cognitive-behavioral training had a significant effect on the reduction of all dimensions of mother’s child abuse (P<0.05) and a positive effect on evaluating the quality of life of children from their mother's point of view (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In general, the results of the study indicated that cognitive-behavioral training was effective in reducing mothers’ child abuse and improvement of the quality of life of preschool children.
Fahimeh Kooshki, Mahsa Moshref, Zahra Ghorbani, Fatemeh Molaasadollah,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (2-2024)
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the consumption pattern of dairy products and early childhood tooth decay among six-year-old preschool children in Districts 3 and 5 of Tehran during the academic year 2015-2016.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical research was conducted on 384 six-year-old preschool students in Districts 3 and 5 of Tehran studying in the academic year of 2015-2016. After obtaining the approval of the Faculty of Dentistry and Deputy of Health at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, as well as consent from the Ministry of Education and school principals, in collaboration with the health teachers, the examination schedule was established. The sampling of students was done in two stages and randomly. Initially, Districts 3 and 5 were randomly selected from among the education Districts under the supervision of Shahid Beheshti University, followed by the selection of 7 schools in the subsequent phase.
Results: The average dmft of the samples was estimated to be 4.17. The consumed dairy products in descending order were ice cream (76%), low-fat milk (75%), dough (68%), butter (64%), cheese (63%), cocoa milk (56%), full-fat milk (47%), cream (44%), curd (39%), high-fat yogurt (37%), and traditional ice cream (33%). Among all dairy products, the consumption of ice cream and cocoa milk was associated with caries risk (P<0.01). Based on the results of the research, gender, parental age, and maternal education were related to the occurrence of early tooth decay in children. It was also found that high-fat milk, cheese, dough, and various types of yogurt were associated with reducing early tooth decay in children, while ice cream and cocoa milk had a relationship with increasing early tooth decay in children. The results of the structural equation modeling showed that dairy consumption has a decreasing effect on dmft.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that among dairy products, high-fat milk, cheese, dough, and various types of yogurt were associated with reducing early childhood tooth decay, whereas ice cream and cocoa milk are related to increasing this decay in 6-year-old children in Tehran. Despite these findings, there is still a need for additional research in this area.
