Showing 9 results for Epidemiology
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi , Hosein Malek Afzali , Ahmad Ali Noorbala , Seyed Abbas Bagheri Yazdi , Mehdi Rahgozar , Bita Mesgarpour , Mitra Safa , Ramin Radfar ,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2004)
Abstract
Introduction: The burden of psychiatric disorders in the developed countries has identified by the screening questionnaires and standard clinical interviews at a high level, but the epidemiological studies of psychiatric disorders in our country are brief and their numbers are few. Planning for providing essential mental health services to the people requires us to be knowledgeable about the present status of psychiatric disorders in the society. The objective of this research was to carry out the epidemiological study of the psychiatric disorders in the individuals who were 18 years old and above in urban and rural areas in 1380 of Lorestan province.
Materials & Methods: 546 individuals were selected through randomized systematic and clustered sampling methods from among the existing families of Lorestan province, clinical psychologist completed the Schedule for Affective Disorders, and Schizophrenia (SADS) questionnaires. The diagnosis of the disorders based on DSM-IV classification criteria.
Findings: The results of the study showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province was 19.05 percent, which was 23.81 percent in the women, and 14.29 percent in the men. The anxiety and mood disorders with 12.46 and 3.48 percent had the higher prevalence in the province respectively. The prevalence of psychotic disorders in this study was 1.48 percent, neuro-cognitive disorders were 1.47 percent and dissociative disorders 0.18 percent. In the group of mood disorders, major depression with 2.20 percent and in the group of anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder with 5.68 percent had the higher prevalence.
Conclusion: This study showed that 11.36 percent of individuals that studied suffered from minimum one of the psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province among the individuals in the age group of 26-40 with 14.57 percent, divorced or separated individuals with 25 percent, residents of Khorramabad city 14.85 percent, higher educated individuals 19.51 percent and retired individuals 18.75 percent was more than other individuals in the sample. Being aware of this matter reveals the responsibility of the health policy makers and programmers, prevention, treatment and medical education more than before in relation to preparing application and executive plans in Lorestan province for mental health.
Ali Chegani Sharafy , Hormozd Ormazdi , Mehdi Mohebali , Lama Ahklaghi , Mohammad Mirza Sharafy , Behnaz Akhondi ,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2005)
Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis is an infection caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was done in order to determine the seroepidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in East Myankooh area, in Lorestan Province during 2004 – 2005 time period.
Materials and methods: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Multi stage sampling was performed from all children (<12years old) and 10% 0f adults of this geographic region. Altogether, 530 blood samples were collected to detect anti-leishmania antibodies. The samples were tested by serological procedures including direct agglutination test (DAT). Antibody titers of 1:3200 and more were regarded as positive and 1:1600 titer was regarded as suspected.
Findings: Six cases (1.26%) were serologically positive and 1 case (0.21%) was suspicious. The titer of antiserum in 6 cases (1.13%) was 1:800.
Conclusion: Seropositive cases were seen in Latvan (n=1), Darsafeh (n=2) and Bungo (n=2) villages and in tribes (n=1). There were no cases of visceral leishmaniasis in other villages. This study indicated that visceral leishmaniasis is sporadic in East Myankooh. More complete epidemiological studies are necessary for determining vectors and other probable reservoirs in this region.
Shoheir Mazaheri , Mohammad Mehdi Fazlian , Akram Hossein Zadeh ,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (2-2008)
Abstract
Mazaheri Sh1, Fazlian MM2, Hossein Zadeh A3 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Faculty of medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences 2. General practitioner, Specialty and Subspecialty Hospital of Besat, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences 3. General practitioner, Hamedan Health Center Abstract Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common causes of chronic neurological disability in young adults and geographical diversities and differences have been reported in its occurrence. For more concise data about MS in the West of Iran, in this study, the clinical and epidemiological features of MS patients were evaluated at the University Hospital of Hamedan. Materials and methods: Data for 155 MS patients attending Hamedan University of Medical Sciences’ MS Clinic between the years of 2004 and 2005 who had fulfilled Poser criteria for clinically definite MS were reviewed. Moreover, early and late MS onsets for clinical and epidemiological differences were compared. Results: The early onset MS was reported in 23(14.83%) subjects who were 18 or less years old of whom 7(30.44%) were male and 16(69.56%) were female. The age mean was 16.22±16.36. 17(73.92%) patients were classified as having relapsing-remitting MS, while 5 patients (21.73%) were classified as having secondary progressive MS and 1 patient (4.35%) was classified as having primary progressive MS. There were no significant differences in clinical and epidemiological features for MS subtypes in the institute. 12.9% of patients had positive family history for the disease and one patient had a benign MS. The clinical and epidemiological features of early and adult onset MS were not significantly different in the study. Conclusion: The present study confirmed that while the clinical and epidemiological features of MS patients in Hamedan university hospital were similar to those in other Iranian institutes in most of the cases, early onset MS was more common.
Maryam Roham , Alireza Azargoon , Abolfazl Zendedel ,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background : Tuberculosis is known as one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. 1.7 milliard people worldwide are infected with TB germs, there are 8 million new cases of TB annually, and three million deaths occur due to the disease in developing countries.
Materials and Methods: This study included all the cases who had referred to all the health centers of Lorestan province with positive samples for acid-fast bacilli, or with symptoms consistent with TB, who had been treated for tuberculosis by physicians during 2008-2009.
Results: Out of 198 cases of TB in the province in 2009, 107 (54 %) and 91 (46 %) cases were male and female respectively. 109(55%) cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 32(16%) cases of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis and 45(22/7%) cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis, and 7(3/5%) cases of TB recurrence have been reported during this year. In 2008, 149 cases of TB have been reported, with an incidence of 8.4 per 100 thousand, out of them 79 (54%) and 70 (46%) cases were male and female respectively. 68(45/6%) cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 35(23/5%) cases of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, and 35 (23/5%)cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis have been reported.
Conclusion: Considering the relatively high prevalence of tuberculosis in the province, reported cases of treatment failure and drug-resistant tuberculosis, it seems it is very important to diagnose the disease in the patients accurately and monitor drug consumption precisely.
Ghafar Ali Mahmudi , Peyman Astaraki, Ali Farhadi , Yousof Nazari ,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background: One of the most common causes of death in the world is poisonings. Investigation and study of causes of poisoning mortalities play an important role in making decisions and improve standards for the prevention of adverse events. Therefore, for better understanding of causes and effects resulting in the death of poisoned patients, we decided to study mortality due to toxic poisoning in admitted patients in Shohada hospital during the years 2006-2010.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study carried out on died patients due to poisoning in Shohada hospital during the years 2006-2010 and needed information were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution tables, cross-tabulation, mean, standard deviation and ratio.
Results: Of the 13,090 patients admitted to hospital for poisoning, 124 people died due to severe complications, of them 58.9% were men. The majority of the patients were single (51.6%), urban residents (77.4%) and having diploma (43.5%). 73.4% of the patients died from suicide and 26.6% of the patients died from drug abuse, alcohol or carbon monoxide poisoning. The most used toxins were pesticides (53.2%), opiates (21.8%), sedative - Hypnotic drugs (10.5%).
Conclusion: Poisoning with pesticides, especially Rice tablet (Aluminium Phosphid)and opium devoted the highest causes of poisoning and mortality than the other drugs and toxins in Lorestan.
Fatemeh Jafari Pour , Tahereh Toulabi, Halimeh Khaton Zare Elmi , Sabah Khoshnoud, Somayeh Riahi, Hadis Koganinejad ,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (10-2017)
Abstract
Background: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) has been known as a hemorrhagic fever, a severe and often fatal illness among humans.
Materials and Methods: This virus is transmitted through contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person, infected objects such as needles, infected animals or bush meat. The history of mortality was more than 80 percent, but modern medical and public health had been able to reduce this figure and the impact of Ebola on individuals and communities.
Results: Currently there is no standard treatment for Ebola, so preventing infection and preventing further spread of the virus is important. Since the mortality rate is high and there is no specific treatment for it and it is also possible to use it as a biological weapon in wars. Therefore, a review of epidemiology, clinical and laboratory symptoms and management of this disease is needed as a first step for accurate diagnosis and timely response.
Conclosion: In this regard, the present review article was conducted using the keywords of Ebola Virus, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Bioterrorism in Pubmed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, SID, Google and other websites.
Masoumeh Mirzaee, Farnaz Khirandish, Shirzad Falahi,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background: Regardless of significant progress in the field of health around the world, intestinal parasitic infections are still considered one of the health and economic problems in various societies, including Iran. This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among individuals who referred to the central laboratory, Boroujerd, Iran, to apply for a health card.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the first half of 2020. The samples (n=1,098) were selected from health card applicants in Boroujerd city using the convenience sampling method. The data collected through a questionnaire, the results of medical examinations, and the significance or non-significance of such variables as age, gender, and occupation with the results of tests that used direct methods (i.e., Lugol and normal saline) and formalin ether to diagnose intestinal parasites, were recorded and analyzed in SPSS 16 software using the Chi-square test.
Results: The results showed that the prevalence of intestinal parasites (both pathogenic and non-pathogenic) was 8.7%. Moreover, the prevalence of infection was estimated at 9.1% in men and 5.8% in women. Intestinal protozoan infections were reported for Blastocystis hominis (61.1%), Endolimax nana (7.3%), Idamoeba botscheli (7.3%), Entamoeba coli (2.5%), Giardia lamblia (4.2%), Entamoeba histolytica (1.1%), and the helminths parasites Hymnolepis nana (1.1%). Among people with parasites, the highest percentages were related to pizza and sandwich (fast food) jobs (14.3%) and bakery 8%.
Conclusion: Infection of intestinal parasites, especially protozoa, was more than worm infections. The results of this study showed the high prevalence of B. hominis. Since the transmission of this parasite is through the fecal-oral route, it is necessary to implement programs to improve food preparation and production environments, as well as providing healthy food and water, observing personal and public health, and monitoring and enforcing health laws by health center inspectors.
Azita Zafar Mohtashami, Gholam Reza Lashkarara, Yadollah Etemadi,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background: Cancer remains the second leading cause of death globally, with more than half of cancer cases occurring in developing countries. For cancer prevention and control, we need to determine the burden of cancer and its changes according to diverse factors, such as age and gender. It is mandatory to expand the cancer registration system and supervise its functions carefully. The information obtained from Lorestan Cancer Registry will be utilized for therapeutic, research, and academic purposes.
Materials and Methods: The residents of Lorestan province from 2014-2017 were regarded as the target population. The registered cancer cases in pathology centers, medical records, imaging centers, and death registration centers were considered the incident cases. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using the standard population of the World Health Organization. We used the population census of 2010 and 2015 for calculations. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26). The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results: In this study, the rate of cancer in Lorestan was higher in men (103.37 per 100,000) than that in women (83.30 per 100,000). The most common registered cancers in Lorestan were stomach, breast, and skin. Within the study period time, the highest median age scores (in years) were recorded as 74, 69, and 66 for prostate, esophagus, and stomach cancers, while the lowest median age scores were reported as 45, 43, and 48 for the brain, thyroid , and breast cancers, respectively.
Conclusion: The incidence of colorectal and lung cancer is on the rise in Lorestan province, which needs more investigation. It is necessary to review the administration of the cancer registration program to ensure that the contribution of data collection resources is reasonable and within the expected range. The incidence rate of some cancers in Borujerd was higher than that in the entire province, which requires etiological studies.
Mohammad Sardari, Mehran Bakhtiari, Amir Hossein Maghsood,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Hydatidosis is one of the most common zoonotic parasitic diseases in the world, which is also endemic in Iran. Because no seroprevalence study of Hydatidosis has been conducted in Borujerd, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the seroprevalence of hydatidosis and its associated risk factors among individuals attending comprehensive health centers in Borujerd, Iran, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted on 351 serum samples from individuals attending comprehensive health centers in Borujerd city. After obtaining informed consent and completing a questionnaire, blood samples were collected, and the presence of anti-Echinococcus granulosus IgG antibody was detected by ELISA method. Data were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.
Results: The findings indicated that 14 out of 351 subjects tested were positive for anti-Echinococcus antibodies, with seropositivity rates of 5.1% in men and 2.8% in women. No significant associations were observed between the presence of anti-Echinococcus antibodies and variables such as age, gender, education level, occupation, place of residence, contact with dogs, and vegetable washing practices.
Conclusion: The results highlighted a notable seroprevalence of hydatidosis in Borujerd (4%), which is higher than the average of infection rate in the west of Iran. Considering the endemicity of the disease in this region and also its health importance, taking necessary measures, including hygienic slaughter of livestock, prevention of feeding dogs with contaminated intestines and viscera, and collecting stray dogs in order to control and prevent this parasitic infection.
