Showing 6 results for Lead
Fariba Hooshmand , Hojatollah Alaie , Mehr Afarin Fesharaki ,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2004)
Abstract
Introduction: Lead intoxication in children has been associated with neurodevelopment disabilities that may result in motor and cognitive impairment. The aim of the present study is to evaluate in long term effects of prenatal exposure to low-level Pb2+ on learning, memory and EEG.
Materials & Methods: Rat pregnant were exposed to distilled water or 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 % of
Pb-acetate in the drinking water during of pregnancy. Behavioral analysis was carried out in male offspring by using one way active avoidance. The numbers of electric shock was detected as an index of learning and memory of rats. At 60 days of age (active avoidance learning) and at 90 days of age (memory) behavioral assessment was measured. Then the rats were implanted with electrodes in sensorimotor regain. After a recovery period, EEG was also recorded.
Findings: Lead acetate was no affected on learning but dose of 0.1% which was affected on memory of rats (No. of shocks 5.185 ± 0.98%) compared to the control (No. of shocks 1.667 ± 0.62%). This finding also showed that lead acetate (p<0.05) only decreases of memory ability. Except an increase in the delta waves, there was no any statistical signifiucant on EEG spectral power between test and control groups.
Conclusion: In this research the lead acetate was no affected on EEG. The results showed that using dose of 0.1% lead acetate was affected on behavior and decrease of memory ability of tested rats.
Feizollah Akbari , Shahram Tofighi , Amin Torabi , Mohammad Arab , Mohammad Javad Tarahi ,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (8-2005)
Abstract
Background: Hospital as the gravitational center of the health and treatment system and an open system involving complex processes and various (qualitative and quantitative) resources, needs an effective leadership style and an approperiate strategy to solve the organizational disagreements and conflicts in order to achieve its basic objectives. The object of this research is to study the relationship between leadership style and conflict management among the managers of the hospitals, which sponsord by Lorestan university of Medical sciences during the year 2004.
Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive – analytical study. The necessary information was gathered by three different questionnaires (personal information, leadership style using Fiedler’s LPC method and conflict management), and also by interviewing the subjects. The collected data were analyzed using statistical software. The research sample consisted of 177 managers from 13 hospitals, which were sponsored by Lorestan university of medical sciences.
Results: The findings demonstrated that 54.2 percent of the subjects had a duty-oriented leadership style, 35.6 percent had a relationship – oriented leadership style, and 10.2 percent of the subjects had an independent – social leadership style. Considering conflict management strategies, 49.7 percent showed a non – confrontational strategy, 44.6 percent demonstrated a control-oriented strategy and 5.7 percent had a problem- solving strategy. The subject’s leadership style had a significant statistical relationship with their job experience (p=0.043). Also, there was a significant statistical relationship between conflict management strategies and the sex of the subjects (p= 0.036). Age of the subjects and their control-oriented strategy also demonstrated a significant statistical relationship(p=0.01).
Conclusion: Determining the leadership and management styles and identifying the methods of dealing with disagreements and conflicts in hospitals is crucial. Since some of the factors involved in leadership style and conflict management have been studied in this research, it is suggested that the effect of other factors such as organizational culture , social culture , race , personality , etc. on the leadership style of people be studied more comprehensively.
Roshanak Hedayatifar, Dr Ebrahim Falahi, Mehdi Birjandi,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (3-2011)
Abstract
Rice is the main food of people in Iran and about 2.4 billion of the world population. Although its cultivation areas are less than wheat but 85% of the total product is used by people. Consumption of rice per person is estimated 42.5 kg in Iran. So it is the second high consumed agricultural product. The aim of this study was determination amount of toxic and heavy metals in high consumed rice varites cultivated in different areas of Lorestan province. Materials and Methods: In this study 99 rice samples (Tarem and Domsiah) cultivated in three areas of Lorestan( khorramabad, Dorud and Borujerd) province were collected. Amount of Lead and Cadmium were analyzed by atomic absorption model BRAIC WFX 130. Data were gathered and analyzed by SPSS software and compared with national standards. Results: The results for Cd and Pb were 0.037±0.06 and 0.077±0.08 mg/kg respectively. Conclusion: Cadmium and Lead levels in rice samples caltivated in Lorestan province were less than Permissible limit, so there is no risk for human health.
Anahita Almasian , Amin Rahimikia ,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2012)
Abstract
Background : Since employees spend more than 60 percent of their awakening time at work place, this environment plays an important role in promoting their health. Nowadays, in many organizations, stress is experienced with various levels. One of the immediate consequences of the stress is the job burnout phenomenon. On the other hand, one of the most important factors of causing job burnout is the leadership style which is adopted by managers.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational research was carried out to study the relationship between the leadership style of managers and the job burnout among the staff employees of Lorestan university of medical sciences. The sampling method in this study was random-hierarchical and the sample size was determined based on the Morgan tables and comprised of 182 employees and 45 managers. The instruments used to collect the data consisted of two standardized questionnaires: 1. Fiedler's Least Preferred Coworker Questionnaire (LPC) 2. Maslach Burnout Inventory which covers three aspects of job burnout: emotional exhaustion, a sense of personal accomplishment, and depersonalization. Using Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of the questionnaires was calculated as 84% for the Maslach Burnout Inventory and 81% for LPC. The statistical data were analyzedby by SPSS software.
Results: Among the employees, 64.3% low burnout levels, 35.2% moderate burnout levels and less than 1% high burnout levels were observed. 93% of the managers in this university in the staff section were shown to use a task-oriented style, 4.4% utilized a human relations oriented style, and 2.2% used a mixed style.
Conclusion: There is also a significant relationship between the leadership style of managers and job burnout among the employees of the Lorestan university of medical sciences. The presence of a relationship between the leadership style of managers and job burnout among the employees demonstrates that there is an urgent need that managers use scientific methods of management in dealing with the personnel.
Meherdad Veis Karami ,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (10-2017)
Abstract
Background: The term of soft war,although its new, but in the past time, the enemies of Islam have been implemented in the Islamic society . Therefore, the pathologies of soft warcan be traced back to religious texts. Imam Ali (AS), due to his short and blessed rule, has paid more attention to this than the other Ahlul-Bayt, in the Nahj al-Balaghah. The role of seductive special people in the soft war is remarkable. The special people in this article are those that are for any reason-right or wrong-to be considered by others.
Materials and Methods: The present paper, with a library method and content analysis, examines the role of misleading special people in the soft war, and the gradual and unrecognizable transformation of values into the theoretical and practical values of dedication in the Islamic society.
Results: The deviation of the Islamic society begins from the thought or behavior of special people. In the following, the deviation is transmitted to the mass of people as "doubt in the mind" and "lust in behavior". First, because of the conflict of Islamic beliefs with the lusty behavior of society, the punishment of collective conscience is formed. Here the special people betrayed again , as a theorizing of passions and anti-values, appears in the form of doubts and uncertainty.
Conclusion: Finally, collective guilt, psychological replaced by a false peace and society suffering from "wandering thoughts" and "drunkeness in action" and unable to understanding right. It is difficult to reform such a society.
Sanaz Zarabi, Masom Hatamikiya, Nilofar Dorosti, Mahnaz Zarabi, Samar Mortazavi,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background :Vegetables have a high capability in absorbing and storing heavy metals and the gathering of these materials in the human body causes unpleasant effects. The aim of the present study is the evaluation of the density and pollution caused by the elements cadmium , lead, mercury, copper, and nickel in leek, potato, and tomato in some farms in Khorramabad city.
Materials and Methods: In one experimental study, after the sampling of farms and preparing samples, digestion and combination with HCL, the density of the elements cadmium , lead, mercury, copper and nickel were determined by means of atomic absorption apparatus in a graphite furnace. To statistically process the findings, Spss software was used, and Excel software was used to present the findings. Finally, the results were compared with WHO standards.
Results: The results show that the average density in heavy metals in various vegetables: levels of lead in leek (0.252), in tomato (0.304), and in potato (0.155) and the cadmium levels in leek (0.147), in tomato (0.216), in potato (0.081). The levels of nickel are as the follows: leek(47,98), in tomato (34,612), in potato (32,04). The levels of copper were as follows: in leek (0.149), in tomato (0.155), and in potato (0.148)ppm. Mercury was either absent or in trace amounts in the investigated vegetables.
Conclusion: the reason for the high levels of lead and cadmium compared with the permissible limit is probably due to too much phosphate fertilizers being used by farmers, the use of sewage slime, insecticides, fungicides, the using of too much animal residues and urban waste and also the closeness of agricultural fields to roads.
