Yafteh

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Cisplatin is a major anti-neoplastic agent which nephrotoxicity is its main side effect and limits its usage in cancer chemotherapy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly responsible for cisplatin induced nephropathy, so we determined the effects of oral administration of ethanolic olive leaf extract (OLE) as a plant antioxidant on nephrotoxicity of this drug. Material and methods: 21 adult male wistar rats were divided to 3 groups: “OLE75+CP” group [14 days of oral administration of OLE (75mg/kg) before i.p. injection of 5mg/kg cisplatin], “Water+CP” group [14 days of oral administration of water before i.p. injection of cisplatin] and “Water+Saline” [As previous group with administration of saline instead of cisplatin]. Plasma samples were collected 72h after cisplatin injection and Urine samples were collected for 24h before blood sampling. Plasma creatinine (PCr) and urea, fractional excretion of Na and K, creatinine clearance and relative kidney weights were determined in various groups as kidney function tests. Results: Cisplatin led to significant deterioration of all of this kidney function tests. Oral aministration of OLE significantly reduced PCr and fractional excretion of K. Plasma urea level was lower in “OLE75+CP” than Water+CP” group with a marginally significant level (p=0.08). Other kidney function tests were not significantly different between these 2 groups. Conclusion: Low dose oral administration of an olive leaf extract preparation (especially enriched in oleuropein) for 14 days could partially reduce cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The effects of higher doses of the extract remains to be investigated.

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Background : Administration of Gentamicin is restricted due to its nephrotoxicity. Many studies have demonstrated that free radicals induced Gentamicin- nephrotoxicity. Olive leaf contains some antioxidant biophenols such as Oleuropin. In this study for the first time the effect of hydroalcohlic olive leaf extract on Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated. Materials and Methods: 35 male Sprague-Dowley rates were randomly divided into five groups. The first group served as a control and injected with the normal saline. Nephrotoxicity induced by Gentamicin (100 mg/kg) in experimental groups for 12 days. Three groups were treated with hydroalcohlic olive leaf extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg respectively). The rats were killed on the twelfth day.Plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA) and creatinine concentrations were measured. Kidney sections were prepared and stained with PAS method for histopathological studies. Results: hydroalcohlic olive leaf extract at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/d significantly reduced gentamicin-induced tubular necrosis (p<0.05) and inhibited decreases of proximal tubule volume density (p<0.05). hydroalcohlic olive leaf extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg/d significantly reduced lymphocyte infiltration in comparison with Gentamicin administrated rats (p<0.05). Gentamicin increased level of MDA. Treatment with extract (100 mg/kg/d), significantly reduced level of MDA compared with other groups (p<0.05).Use of extract at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/d significantly inhibited increase of serum creatinine (p<0.001). Treatment with extract (50 mg/kg/d), significantly inhibited increase of serum urea (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hydroaleohlic olive leaf extract can reduce Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and this effect is probably depends on antioxidant properties of this extract.