Showing 8 results for Standard
Elham Asghari-Rodsari , Ramin Mehrdad , Mir Saeed Atarchi-Ashraf , Omid Aminian ,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (6-2004)
Abstract
Background: With an ever-increasing number of vehicles on the road, it is inevitable that drivers will need to call upon an increasing use of sensory and motor skills in order to negotiate safely through traffic. Vision is one of the major senses in human beings, and it is definitely necessary for safe driving. Approximately 95% of the sensory input to the brain required for driving comes from vision. For this reason, visual standards were set up in different countries in order to evaluate drivers’ vision. The object of this study was the comparison of visual fitness of bus drivers based on the standards of Iran, England, France, and Finland.
Materials and methods: Interviews with and eye examinations of 312 bus drivers were done. First, 312 drivers in South, East and Beihaghi Terminals in Tehran, Iran, were randomly chosen. The drivers were interviewed in order to completed a questionnaire regarding the drivers’ individual characteristics and occupational information. Then the drivers’ vision was examined by Snellen’s chart and a conversation test. The findings were analyzed by the SPSS software and statistical tests.
Results: Mean and standard deviations of the age and job duration of the bus drivers were 42.78 and 18.15 years, respectively. Mean time duration after last eye examination was 23.19 months (about two years), and the most common cause for eye examination was exchange of driving permission. The best visual acuity was 10/10 in 51.28% of the cases, and the best visual field was 180 degrees on the horizontal meridian in 48.71% of the cases. 11.6% of the cases were not qualified based on Iran’s driving standard, 7.7% based on England’s driving standard, 49.7% based on France’s driving standard and 17.1% based on Finland’s driving standard. The mean age of qualified persons was 42.24 years, and the mean age of unqualified persons was 46.88 years. This difference was significant (P=0.009). Drivers over 50 years of age were found to have significantly lower visual acuity compared with the two other groups (20-50 years of age and under 20 years of age) (P<0.001). There was not a significant difference in visual field among the three age groups.
Conclusions: Based on these findings, it is necessary to conduct a major scientific study to establish appropriate standards of vision for issuing permission to drive.
Bahram Delgoshai , Shahram Toffigi ,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (2-2005)
Abstract
Background: Hospital standards are one of the valuest concepture items in an organization and hospital management. The research purpose was determination of luchs of hospital evaluation current way throght the comparission with ISO quality management standards and suggestion of a model to hospital standard development based on aquired findings.
Materials & Methods: This research is a descriptive – comparative study that was been doing on hospital standards, »B Hospital evaluation handout« in comparission with »1994-29000 ISO principles«. In first stage, theorrical analysis and comparission of handout items with ISO necessities was done, then 8 stage model of hospital standards development was provided through the use of brain storming method to lists determination, multiple vote taking method, nominal team technic for chosing, AHP hierarchy analysis process methods and selection matrix for priority ullocation and benchmarking to choices. The provided model was authenticated with using delph: like method.
Results: Totally, 853 question were evaluated about conforming with ISO principles in »B Handout« and ISO items were brought 1026 onces in front of 853 items of handout.
In this adaptation »quality internal ausits«, »process control« and »inspection and test«items from 1994-9000 ISO standards were repeated 339, 302 and 158 once, orderlly that in total, they consist of 77.8% of writted items and other 17 items were consisted only 22.2% of the whole of ISO items repeatting onces that 7 items from these were never in »B hand out« at all and also 5 other items were less than 7 evidence (from 1010 questions).
Conclusion: Writing method of evaluation items in »B hand out« has significant difference with what is done in ISO audit. Research findings showed that in spite of leaping that »B hand out« developing had in national. There are serious lacks in hospital compelete evaluaton so that consider a hospitals system, means and content beacause of lack of enough experiment in standard development based on ISO principles.
Ebrahim Falahi , Elham Khazaeli , Farzad Ebrahimzadeh ,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (11-2009)
Abstract
Background: Obesity is one of the most important problems in the world. Suitable low calorie diets are among the best ways for weight loss. The aim of this study was to determine the effects and comparison of two kinds of low-calorie diets on weight loss. Materials and Methods: Seventy- six health women (20-55 yrs old) were randomly divided into two groups for 3 months: 39 subjects in standard diet group (SD) (carbohydrate 55%, fat 30%, protein 15%), and 37 persons in high protein-low fat diet group (HPD) (carbohydrate 55%, fat 20%, protein 25%). Energy intake was 1000 kcal less than the daily needs in the two groups. In the beginning and at the end of each month the subjects were visited and food diet energy was adjusted. In the beginning and finally BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist to hip ratio were measured. Results: BMI decreased 4. 43±0.96 v. s 4. 15±0.76 in SD and HPD groups, respectively. The amount of weight loss was 10. 89 2.04 in SD and 10. 48 1.73 in HPD. Waist to hip ratio decreased 0. 02±0.014 v. s 0. 018±0. 014 in SD and HPD, respectively. For all variables there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: Both low calorie diets (SD and HPD) decreased weight and other obesity indices. Therefore, HPD may be a suitable substitution for standard diet.
Dr Maryam Ahmadi, Dr Mohamadreza Gohari, Ali Mohamadi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract
The transaction of human beings with one another and life in the present age especially with the contemporary technology advances have become so complicated that unless we describe a specific standard for each item and not obligate people to regard those specific standards, the lifetime will be tiresome. So the more the standardization and higher commitment to meeting the standards, the more the advancement and elevation of the society will be.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive research was conducted cross-sectionally. The statistical universe of research was medical records department of 16 teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran and Kermanshah universities of medical sciences. Data gathering tools were five checklists adjusted by ISO 9001- 2000 international standards. Then the data was analyzed using indices of descriptive statistics.
Results: The results showed that in the hospitals related to Iran university of medical sciences the criteria of resource management with 77% had the highest score, and the measurement of criteria analysis and process improvement with 47 % had the least score and in hospitals related to Kermanshah university of medical sciences , resources management with 61% indicated the highest score and quality management system with 33% had the least score. And the total mean of the standard criteria in the hospitals related to Iran university of medical sciences was 60% and in hospitals related to Kermanshah university of medical sciences was 46%.
Conclusion: The rate of final conformity of medical records system by the criteria of the ISO 9001-2000 standards in hospitals related to Iran university of medical sciences was greater than in hospitals related to Kermanshah university of medical sciences. And total conformity rate of medical records system in Kermanshah hospitals was low. So the regulation of medical records department with ISO quality management standards can help to elevate its quality.
Dr Shahram Khademvatan, Dr Rasol Jamali, Jereel , Dr Jasem Saki,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (6-2011)
Abstract
The purpose of quality control program was to make doctors and laboratory personnel trust in laboratory results and consequently increasing confidence in laboratory achievements. The quality assurance means raising the level of quality in all tests that lead to raising the level of work efficiency and laboratories including minimum expense for society and minimum time for lab personnel. This study aimed to assess and determine the accuracy and precision of results in Tabriz medical diagnostic laboratories. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 790 stool samples were selected randomly and tested by standard methods.Student t- test, SPSS software and sensitivity and accuracy formulas were used for data analysis. Results: The sensitivity was 62%, 22% and 8% with 95% confidence intervals for worm's eggs, protozoan cysts and trophozoite detection respectively. Conclusion: To elevate quality assurance in clinical diagnostic laboratory, monitoring and check of the laboratories by standard methods continually should be done.
Mohammad Reza Moradporian , Masoud Rahmati, Maryam Fouladvand ,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background : In every geographical area according to their social civilization, specific abnormalities and outcomes may be occurred in spinal cord and in the case of recognition they will be corrected with specific movements and proper behavioral patterns. So the aim of the present study was to investigate the rate and reasons of Khorramabad Azad university students’ spinal abnormalities.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive- analytical survey was carried out on Khorramabad Azad university students in 2010-2011. Among 1400 students, 500 persons (250 women and 250 men) randomly selected from students who were studying in the second semester of 2010-2011. First, they filled out a questionnaire about their personal information, disease history and daily habits. Then, their weight, height, and spinal abnormalities were studied. New York standard test and grid plane were used to study spinal abnormalities. Also, flexible ruler was used to measure the curves of the thoracic and back vertebrates.
Results: The findings of this research showed that 83.2% of males (208 persons) and 87.2% of females (218 persons) had at least one abnormality. The greatest abnormalities in males were associated with kyphosis and in females with shoulder drown. The least abnormality in males was abdomen drown (10.4%) and in females was upper extremity deviation (19.2%). Also significant association observed between lordosis and kyphosis and incorrect habits of sleeping, between incorrect habits of carring bag and instruments, and shoulder drown, incorrect habits of studying and poke neck and incorrect habits of sitting in the home and kyphosis (P<0/01).
Conclusion: Present study showed high incidence of spinal abnormalities of which incorrect habits in sitting, studying and caring bag and instruments, had a major role in each of these abnormalities.
Kamal Solati Dehkordi , Masoud Nikfarjam,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (9-2013)
Abstract
Background: Depression is one of the common our age psychiatry disorders. The purpose of the present study to determine the effect of family psychoeducation and standard treatment medical on improvement and prevent relapse symptoms of major depression patients.
Materials and Methods: This is a clinical trial using convenience sampling method to randomly recruit 60 patients admitted with major depression disorder and were randomly allocated into two equal groups. Two groups received standard treatment medical that one of the groups in eight under went family psychoeducation sessions. Beck Depression Inventory II was applied to all two groups befor and after and follow –up stages .Data analyzed by covariance (Ancova)test.
Results: our findings indicated there were significant difference between Experimental group and control group after therapeutic interventions and follow-up stages (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Standard treatment medical in addition to by family psychoeducation in major depression disorder patients can more efficient in improving and prevent relapse depression of symptoms in compared to standard treatment medical.
Azita Zafar Mohtashami, Gholam Reza Lashkarara, Yadollah Etemadi,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background: Cancer remains the second leading cause of death globally, with more than half of cancer cases occurring in developing countries. For cancer prevention and control, we need to determine the burden of cancer and its changes according to diverse factors, such as age and gender. It is mandatory to expand the cancer registration system and supervise its functions carefully. The information obtained from Lorestan Cancer Registry will be utilized for therapeutic, research, and academic purposes.
Materials and Methods: The residents of Lorestan province from 2014-2017 were regarded as the target population. The registered cancer cases in pathology centers, medical records, imaging centers, and death registration centers were considered the incident cases. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using the standard population of the World Health Organization. We used the population census of 2010 and 2015 for calculations. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26). The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results: In this study, the rate of cancer in Lorestan was higher in men (103.37 per 100,000) than that in women (83.30 per 100,000). The most common registered cancers in Lorestan were stomach, breast, and skin. Within the study period time, the highest median age scores (in years) were recorded as 74, 69, and 66 for prostate, esophagus, and stomach cancers, while the lowest median age scores were reported as 45, 43, and 48 for the brain, thyroid , and breast cancers, respectively.
Conclusion: The incidence of colorectal and lung cancer is on the rise in Lorestan province, which needs more investigation. It is necessary to review the administration of the cancer registration program to ensure that the contribution of data collection resources is reasonable and within the expected range. The incidence rate of some cancers in Borujerd was higher than that in the entire province, which requires etiological studies.
