Yafteh

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Introduction: In the recent years different studies have been performed to determine attitude of different groups of the society towards psychiatric disorders , that their results could develop positive changes to improve the attitude of society with proper planning in this respect. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross – sectional study has designed to determine the attitude of 600 high school students (301 girls and 299 boys) to psychiatric disorders. The samples were chosen using multistage randomized sampling method. Data collecting tool was a questionnaire including students , demographic characteristics and their attitude measurement , then data were analyzed by SPSS software version 9.1 . Findings : Results showed that 58.8% of the students had negative attitude and 4.2% had positive attitude to psychiatric disorders . Statistical test (T.test) didn,t show any relationship between gender and kind of attitude . Relationship between students , grade and type of attitude was statistically significant (P<0.05). 54% of the students believed that parents inattention to their children and 46.3% believed that physical punishment by parents or school staff could effect on occurrence of psychiatric disorders . 90% of the students interested in receiving education by psychiatrist or psychologist in their schools . Conclusion: Results of this study show that high school students, attitude in Khorramabad city to psychiatric disorders is negative . It seems that with exact perception of this problem and proper planning we can develop a positive change in students, attitude to psychiatric disorders and take effective steps to improve mental health of the adolescents .

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Background: Circumcision is the most common surgical operation procedure in the world. If this procedure is incorrectly, many complications will occurred. The purpose of this study was determination of late complication of circumcision in elementary school in khoramabad in 2000-2001. Materials &methods: In this study (cross-sectional) 3205 boys have been examined for late complication of circumcision and positive findings. Finding were recorded in special checklist and then analyzed by with SPSS software. We did examination on by medical trained interns, secretly in a separated room. Results: This study showed that 273 students had late complication of circumcision. Redundant foreskin was the most common complication (39/3%) and less common complication was circumcision’s hypospadiasis and decreasing of inner layer of prepuce (2.5%). Conclusion: According to the high incidence of late complication of circumcision, we suggested to perform educational workshop for physicians who perform circumcision. In addition warning parents about the complications of circumcision, and asking them to circumcision their sons by experienced physician for preventing these complications is necessary.

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Background: One of the most important events in everyone's life is the period of adolescence and maturity. The first factor for recognizing the real maturity in young girls is the first menstruation (monthly period). Although menstrual cycle is an inevitable event for females, most of them have not good information on it. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of young high school girls on menstrual health in khoramabad in 2005. Materials and methods: This research was an analytic descriptive study. 700 students were selected by systematic randomized sampling. Data collection tool was a questionnaire including 2 parts which completed in one step. Statistical inferential methods were used for analyzing the data by SPSS Version 11 software. Findings: Average age was 14.8 years. 52% had irregular menstruation. Menstruation period was 5-7 days in 40.7% of cases. 94.1% had good information on menstrual health. Cases have acquired their information primarily from their mothers. 50% had weak knowledge, and 30.1% had negative attitude and their practice was compatible with their attitude. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 15.9%. A great majority of cases had mood and behavioral disorders (fear, anxiety). There was a significant relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice with the resource of information, parental education and the job of the mother. Conclusion: It is necessary to train young girls, their mothers and teachers on menstrual health and the effect of factors such as nutrition, exercise, stress and personal hygiene on it. It is also a necessity to include regular exercise and menstrual health subjects in curriculum of high schools.

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Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent psychiadric disorders starting from Childhood and is considered as an important mental health problem of a society. Behavioral disorders including ADHD may have distractive effects on peoples social, educational, personality, and behavioral relationship in their childhood and adulthood. Therefore, we decided to conduct the present research for ADHD in elementary school students of Khoramabad year 2004. Materials and methods: This research was a cross-sectional study. Its statistical community includes all the students studing in grades one to five at elementary school in Khorramabad (N=945). Some 16 state and private schools (8 girls and 8 boys schools) were selected in a cluster and multi-stage method. The standardized questionnaire Child symptom inventories – 4 (CSI4) has been used to collect data, which was a means for the prevalens of children’s psychiatric disorders. Owing to their scoring. The cases which showed ADHD were undergone clinical examination by psychiatrist. Then, the results were analyzed using descriptive statistic and X2 test. Results: The total sample was 945 children There were 50.7% and 49.3% girls and boys respectively. Some 3.17 per cent of them were reported to suffer from ADHD the most percentages of which were of inattention (40%), overactivens (33.3%), and mixed type (26.6%). ADHD was reported to be more prevalent in boys than girls (4.9% VS. 1.5%). The students in grade 5 showed the lowest, and those in grade 2 and 3 showed the highest prevalence rate of suffering from ADHD. There was also a significant relationship between children’s sex and ADHD (P<0.005). However, there seemed no significant relationship between parents age, education, job, income, grade, and the family psychiatric problems. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of the disorder including ADHD, and lack of enough attention to their consequences in children and adolescent age group. It seems necessary to identify these disorders so that they may be considered in time. Since our population is stepping to word growth and development, understanding children’s problems is very worthy. Because they play an important role in our society future. On the other hand, providing mental health for children and teenagers half them to play better their social, mental and physical role in society.

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Background: The investigation done in recent years have shown considerable prevalence of ecstasy abuse as a drug desirable for the youth. The present study tries to view the high school students knowledge and attitude towards Ecstasy in risky and non- risky areas in Khorramabad city.

Materials and Methods: In this study, a 200 male and female students were selected using random multiphase sampling. A questionnaire with 50 items was used as data gathering tool. The data were analyzed using statistical variance.

Results: The results showed that in risky areas of the city 6.2 % of the subjects had positive attitude towards ecstasy and 45.45 % had highly negative attitude. In non risky areas 2% of the subjects had positive attitude and 8.2 % had highly negative attitude towards ecstasy.

In surveying the degree of knowledge and awareness towards ecstasy,44.29% of the subjects in risky areas had poor knowledge and 7.1% had high level of knowledge.In non risky areas 48.5% had poor knowledge and 42.5% had average and 5% had high level of knowledge towards ecstasy. The analyzed data showed that there was no significant relationship between the students’ attitude and level of knowledge with their parents job, education, sex, age and the number of siblings.There was a significant relationship between students level of knowledge and their school performance while these two variables had no relationship with students attitude.

Conclusion: Based on the obtained findings, it is suggested that responsible bodies improve and enhance the public knowledge of people by the mass media. This matter should be emphasized more in risky areas.

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Background: The progress of economic and health conditions of countries,in one hand has decreased paediatrics mortality and morbidity of infectious diseases and enviromental events and on the other hand, it has led to increase the role of herediatric diseases at paediatrics mortality and disabilities.The offspring of consanguinous marriages are at great risk of certain genetic disorders. The rate of congenital malformation in consanguinous marriage was reported to be 6-8% in each delivery that is about twice more than in general population. one of the important factors to consanguineous marriage is the attitudes of people towards this type of marriage. The attitude of high school students as future parents has an important role on consanguineous marriages. This survy was conducted to detect attituds of high school students towards consanguineous marriage and its effect on offspring health in Khorramabad in 2005.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectinol study was carried out on 1110 high school students selected through cluster randomised sampling. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire consisted of tow compenentes: demographic information, and questions of attituds towards effects of consanguinous marriage on offspring health. Data were analysed by SPSS ver11.

Results: Results indicated that in 35.9% of the students’ parents had consanguinous marriage. 81.4% of the students had netural attituds towards the possible adverse effects of consanguineous marriage on offspring health. A significant relation was observed between attitudes towards the possible adverse effects of consanguineous marriage on offspring health and sex (p=0.037), course of study (p=0.004),mothers educational level (p=0.024),fathers educationl level (p=0.027), parents consanguinity (p=0.002) and sister or brother consanguineous marriage(p=0.023 ).

Conclusion: Results indicated that high school students had netural attitud towards effects of consanguinous marriage on offspring health. They may have consanguineous marriage in future even without genetic consulation. Based on this results exact educational programs are necessary to increase awareness and change attituds of pupiles about the possible adverse effects of consanguineous marriage on offespring health. Efforts to increase the knowledge of adolescents about consanguineous mariage should be especially directed towards females with parents who have a lower level of education, as well as femeles with parents who had consanguineous marriage.

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taking different ergogenic substances to improve sports performances is considered as a great problem in the world. The clim of this study was to determine the prevalenceamount of ergogenic substances use in Lorestan Province high school students and their knowledge about doping and using ergogenic substances. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out on 1180 male and female students using a self-reported and researcher-centered questionnaire in 8 cities and 1 village (Tarhan) selected by cluster sampling method. After omitting incomplete questionnaires, 992 questionnaires were coded and then analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results showed that 92 (9. 3%) of the samples had taken one ergogenic substance at least, 37 (3. 7%) of the students hade used doping and banned drugs and also 71 (7. 1%) from sports supplements. Prevalence of ergogenic substances in male students was 13. 369% and in female students was 4. 260%. The effective factors on prevalence amount of ergogenic substances use, included age, sex, height, weight, place of residence, family income, being athlete, method of exercise, the athletic field, record of championship, the championship field, , the championship level, attitude toward doping, knowledge about doping and ergogenic substances. The most important variables for predicting the use of ergogenic substances were attitude towards doping, weight, to know the name of ergogenic substances, and the athletic field (R= + 0. 475) and these variables indicat a 3% variance in the use of ergogenic substances. The average score of students’ knowledge about ergogenic substances was 12. 185 ±6. 657 from 44 ergogenic substances (for male students= 12. 185 and female students=11. 482). The average score of attitude was 4. 140±1. 052 from 5. Also %85. 2 from samples reported having average to low knowledge about the ergogenic, but 14. 2% of the samples reported having high and very high knowledge about the ergogenic substances. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that doping and use of ergogenic substances are definite fact among high school students. So serious attention of educational responsibles is needed to prevent the youth and adolescents from damage.

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The carried out studies show that psychological, emotive and social problems of students are important and need to serious and organized measures to select tutors. It is clear that lack of rendering suitable counseling prevents students from educational attainments. So with regard to importance and role of counseling, this research was carried out to determine the rate of students satisfaction from academic counseling of the tutors of Lorestan university of medical sciences. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 680 students including the third and forth term of all fields selected using census sampling. Data collection tool was a two part questionnaire (reliability = %79 ) which indicated students satisfaction in three levels. Then data were analyzed using statistical tests , X2 and SPSS software. Results: In this study 77. 9% of the students were female with age range of 19-35. The most reason for their referrals was educational problems (59. 2%). 37. 9% of the students had no satisfaction from the tutors, 44. 38% had moderate satisfaction and 17. 73% of them were satisfied with the tutors. Conclusion: Results indicated a weak level of satisfactory, so having positive, attitude towards academic counseling, it seems necessary to take action for implementing laws and regulations related to tutors, as well as evaluating their performances. Conducting codified educational programs for tutors can help achieving university high goals.

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One of the necessary bases to improve the quality of education system especially in universities is continuous evaluation of education process of students in different levels of education system continually. Basic sciences medical period is a background of study achievement and precise understanding of the next levels of medical courses. The medical students by the knowledge acquired in basic sciences period can solve clinical problems. Therefore present research was done to understand factors affecting the students’ success in comprehensive test of basic medical sciences in Lorestan university of medical sciences. Materials and Methods:This descriptive analytical study was carried out on 102 medical students in Lorestan university of medical sciences including all the students who entered the university and Participated in comprehensive test from 2001 to 2004. Sampling method was census and data gathering tools were two questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, descriptive statistics, ANOVA test, T- test and linear regression. Results: The results showed that factors affecting comprehensive test of basic medical sciences were as: volume of the course, the final mark of the course, dedicated time in order to be ready for exam, importance of the course in basic sciences stage, amount of interest in the course, importance of the course in comprehensive basic test ,quality of lecture,s teaching and how to use audio visual and laboratory devices by the lectures. Conclusion: In order to improve and achieve needed changes in medical education and regarding the important role of the courses of basic sciences on the students as future physicians, taking some amendatory steps seem necessary.

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Background : In every geographical area according to their social civilization, specific abnormalities and outcomes may be occurred in spinal cord and in the case of recognition they will be corrected with specific movements and proper behavioral patterns. So the aim of the present study was to investigate the rate and reasons of Khorramabad Azad university students’ spinal abnormalities. Materials and Methods: This descriptive- analytical survey was carried out on Khorramabad Azad university students in 2010-2011. Among 1400 students, 500 persons (250 women and 250 men) randomly selected from students who were studying in the second semester of 2010-2011. First, they filled out a questionnaire about their personal information, disease history and daily habits. Then, their weight, height, and spinal abnormalities were studied. New York standard test and grid plane were used to study spinal abnormalities. Also, flexible ruler was used to measure the curves of the thoracic and back vertebrates. Results: The findings of this research showed that 83.2% of males (208 persons) and 87.2% of females (218 persons) had at least one abnormality. The greatest abnormalities in males were associated with kyphosis and in females with shoulder drown. The least abnormality in males was abdomen drown (10.4%) and in females was upper extremity deviation (19.2%). Also significant association observed between lordosis and kyphosis and incorrect habits of sleeping, between incorrect habits of carring bag and instruments, and shoulder drown, incorrect habits of studying and poke neck and incorrect habits of sitting in the home and kyphosis (P<0/01). Conclusion: Present study showed high incidence of spinal abnormalities of which incorrect habits in sitting, studying and caring bag and instruments, had a major role in each of these abnormalities.

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Background: the motor function of children with ADHD is lower than normal children, therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the school games on the locomotor skills of the first to third grade male students of Khorramabad primary schools suffering from ADHD. Materials and Methods: In order to do the research, 20 male students out of 40 with ADHD were selected. These students were classified into two control and experimental groups, each containing 10 subjects (similar average age P=0.649, manipulation skill P=0.85). The training group was then subjected to 18 forty five-minute long sessions of school games. The locomotor skills of these students were assessed using the Ulrich's tool. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to study the normal distribution of the data, while paired samples t-test and independent samples t-test were used to compare the means in a significant level of P<0.05. Results: The results suggested that the data conformed to a normal distribution, and that school games could significantly improve the manipulation skills of the experimental group. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that, the experimental group in comparision with the control group is superior in terms of the manipulation skills. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the school games be incorporated into the educational curriculum of the ADHD suffering students to ensure the improvement of their locomotor skills.

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Background: Integration as a chang in medical education is propounded in the world,s universities and transition from traditional system and a new definition of medical education is under consideration in this period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the opinions and perspectives of academic staff and medical students who involved in the integration of medical basic sciences project for better evaluation and planning.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Lorestan university of medical sciences in 2014. The perception of faculty member’s methodologies and active learning were obtained from130 students and 10 faculty members using a valid and reliable questionnaire.

Results: About 40% of the university professors believed that the necessity of integration plan to facilitate learning and its necessity for better understanding of educational material and connection among theoretical and practical courses is high, while 70% of the professors considered the necessity of integration plan to adjust these lessons and clinical issues is high.  Based on Pearson correlation test there is a significant relationship between total mean and the degree of satisfaction of basic sciences lesson integration plan. Those students who had gained higher mean expressed higher satisfaction of integration plan in comparison to other students.

Conclusion: Integration of basic sciences lessons to adjust medical courses in basic sciences level to clinical issues is important but the plan is faced with problems such as the satisfaction of professors and students in method and nature of integration plan which needs further study.

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Background : Teenage girls health is more important due to multiple cultural and social reasons, the maturity characteristics of girls and their somatic and mental conditions of puberty and also their main role in fertility and its influence on a family life, makes a reduplicate importance on teenage girls health in comparison with boys. The purpose of this study was to investigate the health-promoting behaviors of female students in Poldokhtar. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study, was carried out on 427 high school female students selected using multiple step sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire (demographic questions, and standard health-promotion behaviors (HPLPII). Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Results: 421 questionnaires were completed. Average of general score of health-promoting behaviors was about 6.64 percent. Average score of different structures in students consisted of health responsibility, nutrition, physical activity and stress management were 7.68, 9.66, 2.58 and 8.56 percent respectively. Parental education, mother's occupation, family size, type of entertainment and body mass index had a significant relation with health-promoting behaviors (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the sanitary behaviors of girl student in Poldokhtar has a moderate range. Stress management and physical activity had an inappropriate situation compared with two other structures and this makes more attention for more entries.

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Background: Academic failure, conceived of as lack of success in one’s education, is of paramount importance for students of medical sciences and it might lead to more acute problems. The present study set out to investigate the prevalence and underlying reasons of academic failure in Lorestan University of medical sciences. 

Materials and Methods: In this cohort study, academic records of all students of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences during the academic years of 2006-2011 were collected from education and student affair center and also, demographic and educational records were entered into a checklist. Inappropriate grade point average, being a provisional student, prolonged graduation, expulsion and dropout were taken into account as academic failure. To model the related effective factors, logistic regression was adopted and significance level was set at 0.05.

Results: The cumulative incidence of academic failure was about 25.1%. Factors such as department, being self-funded or government-funded student, academic grade students are pursuing, the elapsed time between academic grades, gender and location of residence were related to academic failure (P<0.05). It is worth mentioning that no relationship was observed between the academic failure and being accepted based on quota system.

Conclusion: The most important at risk groups were students of department of medicine and health, associate or medical doctoral students, self-funded students, students with a considerable time elapsed between their academic grades, male students and students living in dormitory. It is suggested that these students refer to consulting centers of university or educational supervisors and receive particular attention.

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Background: The Internet addiction refers to the excessive or unreasonable and pathological use of  the Internet which leads to the social consequences, including public health.The aim of this study was to determine the relation ship between  the Internet addiction  and general health in students of Lorestan university of medical sciences in 2013.

Material and Methods: This descriptive analytic study. was carried out on 240 (BSc,MSc and medical) students of Lorestan university of medical sciences randomly selected using Yang Internet addiction and the Goldberg general health questionnaire . Data was analyzed by use of independent statistics and SPSS software v.18.

Results: The results show that  there was a significant correlation between the Internet addiction    and yeneral health in students of Lorestan university of  medical sciences ( r=- 0.471, p>0.001). Based on our findings, 85% of  the students were normal but 15% were at risk.

Conclusion: Considering the destructive effects of the Internet addiction on students' health dimensions, control and supervise the Internet   use among university students and  education about the harmful effects of the Internet it seem  necessary.

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Background : Love Trauma refers to a state of frustration and humiliation felt by the person who is rejected by his/her beloved. The present study was aimed at studying the effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Approach for cognitive emotion regulation of female university students who experienced Love Trauma.

Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research including a pre-test, a post-test, and a follow-up test with the control group. The statistical population included all female students of Ahvaz universities who had experienced Love Trauma in 2014-2015. The total number of participants was 22, out of which 11 participants (who showed willingness) were chosen for the experimental group. The remaining 11 participants were placed in the control group. The Love Trauma Inventory and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used as the instruments of the research. All participants answered both questionnaires. Then the members of experimental group received the treatment intervention during eight personal 60-minute sessions held twice a week. After that, both groups answered CERQ again. One month after the experiment, the follow-up test was conducted for both groups. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and Multivariable Analyze of Covariance (MANCOVA).

Results: The findings indicated that the Emotion-Focused Approach in the post-test and follow-up test has provoked more positive strategies for cognitive emotion regulation in the experimental group in comparison with the control group

Conclusion: Since love and other feelings associated with Love Trauma are classified under the category of emotions, the Emotionally-Focused Therapy can have a significant influence on the cognitive emotion regulation of female students suffering from Love Trauma.

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Background: physical activities play an important role in increasing heart and blood vessels performance. The aim in this is determining the influence of 10 weeks aerobic exercise and 6 weeks non exercise on relaxation blood pressure of healthy non athletic girl students.

Materials and Methods: In this semi experimental study 27 non athletic female students with 22/30± 1/70 were selected voluntary and attended the 10 weeks program, three sessions with 55 to 80% extra systole.

After 10 weeks aerobic exercise, volunteers spent 6 weeks without exercise. Before starting the aerobic term, after non exercise term, after exercise term and also after non exercise term, relaxation blood pressure of the volunteers were measured by mercury Richter pizometer.

Results: The results showed that there is a meaningful difference between volunteers relaxation systolic blood pressure in pre and post test and also in post test 1 and 2, but there is not any meaningful difference between volunteers relaxation systolic blood pressure in these tests.

Conclusion: 10 week aerobic and immediately 6 week without exercise can be effective in relaxation blood pressure

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Background : Obesity and overweight are related to biological factors, individual, social, economic factors, different cultural factors and feeding behavior.  Recognizing these factors can be a guidance of interventions relating to prevention and control of obesity in children and teenagers. The present study was aimed to study determinant factors of obesity and overweight in students of Khorramabad city.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 3387 students from age 6 to 14 were selected by combinative, multistage grouped and clustered sampling. Students' height and weight were measured and also body mass index (BIM) was calculated. In order to determine  the  prevalence, body mass index was used  for age in NCHS table and evidence up 95 was regarded as obese and 85 to 95 was regarded as overweight.    

Results: The relation of overweight and obesity in students with kind of school, family size, parental education and family income was very significant     (p<0.001). Obesity and overweight were more prevalent in students of non-profit schools and families with more income. Students whose parents had higher education, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was more. There wasn't  a significant relation between overweight and obesity and pubertal status (p=0.1).

Conclusion: Overweight and obesity in case study students were related to individual and external factors. Of these factors, we can mention factors such as gender, birth rank, family size and parental education.

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