Ali Osali, Hosein Mostafavi,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (10-2017)
Abstract
Background : The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of six months aerobic exercise with moderate intensity on BDNF, IL-6, and short-term memory in 50-65 years old women with syndrome metabolic.
Materials and Methods: 24 women with metabolic syndrome (MetS) took part voluntarily and divided in tow groups MetS exercise (ME), MetS control (MC). ME group participated in an aerobic exercise training (AT) program (six months), tree session per week, each session containing tree performing part and tow rest part (five minutes). Initially, the duration of aerobic exercise in each session was eight minutes. One minute added each week to the duration of aerobic exercise till twelve weeks. Also, blood samples were conducted before and after six months training for evaluating levels of BDNF and IL-6. Short-term memory measured by Digit span memory test, BDNF, and IL-6 measured by Radioimmunoassay before and after six months aerobic training. Data were analyzed using Pearson coefficient, Pried-sample T-Test, and independent samples T-Test.
Results: BDNF and short-term memory after six months aerobic exercise significantly increased (P˃0.05). IL-6 after six months aerobic exercise significantly decreased (P˃0.05).
Conclusion: Findings show that six months aerobic exercises induce to decrease IL-6 and increase BDNF level, so this trend trepan ameliorate short-term memory score.
Faz Lah Fathollahi Shoorabeh , Masomeh Faramarzi, Roh Lah Hemmati, Reza Nuri,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (10-2017)
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent canceramong men and the eighth leading cause of death in Iran. In pathological conditions, angiogenesis increases the chance of metastasis and thus spreads cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of 10 weeks of resistance training on some angiogenesis factors among men affected by prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods: Twenty men with prostate cancer aged between 55 and 62 were selected and randomly divided into control (n=10) and resistance training groups (n=10). The experimental group performed 10 weeks of resistance training, three sessions per week. Each exercise includes three sets of twelve repetitions with the intensity of 50-65 percent of 1RM. In order to measurement of NO, FGF and VEGF, blood samples were taken from the participants after 12 hours fasting state 24 hours before and 48 after the last training. For comparison of means between and within group's independent and dependent T test were used, respectively.
Results: The results showed that ten weeks of resistance training significantly increase the levels of VEGF ( P=0.0001), FGF (P=0.0001) and NO (P=0.0003) in men suffering from prostate cancer.
Conclusion: It appears 10 weeks of resistance training cause increase the level of angiogenesis factors, muscular strength and mass and decrease fatigue in men affected by prostate cancer.
Masoud Fallah Rajabpour Zare, Kamran Rakhshan, Nahid Aboutaleb, Farnaz Nikbakht, Morteza Bakhshesh, Yaser Azizi,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Background: Doxorubicin has been used in the treatment of malignancies, including lymphoma, leukemia and breast cancer. Cardiotoxicity is the main adverse effect of doxorubicin. Apigenin, as a flavonoid, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti tumoral properties. The aim of this study is the assessment of the effect of apigenin on cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin.
Materials and Methods: 60 male wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. Cardiotoxicity was induced by 6 injections of doxorubicin (2 mg/kg, ip) over 12 days. The treatment groups received orally 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg/day apigenin for 12 days simultaneously with cardiotoxicity induction.
Results: The heart weight to body weight ratio showed no significant difference between different groups. In the apigenin group (25 mg/kg), EF and FS showed a significant increase (P<0.05) and LVEDs, LDH and CK-MB showed a significant decrease, in comparison to the cardiotoxicity group.
Conclusion: Apigenin prevents LDH and CK-MB elevation and also EF and FS reduction and improves cardiac tissue changes and leads to a decrease in cardiac damage induced by doxorubicin.
Rahele Soltani, Mohammad Reza Kordi, Abas Ali Gaeini, Reza Nuri,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer, which is a major cancer for women, affects the angiogenesis process. Exercise training can decrease the process of angiogenesis in tumor tissue. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training on HIF-1α, miR-21 and VEGF gene expression in female Balb/c mice with breast cancer.
Materials and Methods: 16 female Balb/c mice (age: 3-5 weeks and weight: 17/1 ± 0.1 g) were selected and randomly divided into two groups: aerobic training and control. The aerobic training involved running with intensity of 14-20 m/min for 5 sessions per week over 8 weeks. The gene expression of HIF-1α, miR-21 and VEGF was examined by RT&PCR. The repeated measurement ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test and the independent T-test were used to analyse the data, with a significant level set at p<0.05.
Results: The results showed that aerobic training induced significant differences in the growth of tumor volume and an increase in HIF-1α. In addition, aerobic training caused a significant decrease in the gene expression of miR-21, whereas the changes in gene expression of VEGF were not significant.
Conclusion: It appears that aerobic training caused a reduction in the gene expression of miR-21 and VEGF, which in turn, induced a decrease in the tumor volume and a corresponding improvement in the cancer
Amene Mahmoodi, Elham Shahabpoor, Mustafa Moradi Sarabi, Sedigheh Tahmasebi, Maryam Koushkie Jahromi,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer and its treatments induce various physical complications, including cardiovascular problems. Exercise training is one of the recommended methods for preventing or reducing these complications. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of 8 weeks of Pilates exercises on cardiovascular indices in breast cancer patients.
Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial. Participants of the study included 30 female breast cancer patients who participated in the study voluntarily. They were randomly divided into two groups of the exercise (n=15) and the control (n=15). The exercise group performed Pilates exercise for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, for 60 min per session, but the control group did not participate in any regular physical activity. The resting heart rate and systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure were measure using a blood pressure monitor device prior to and after the training period of the both groups. Subsequently, the rate pressure product and the resting systolic heart rate were separately multiplied by resting heart rate. Analysis of covariance statistical test was used to carry out data analysis.
Results: Pilates exercises decreased systolic blood pressure (P<0.035), heart rate (P<0.02) and rate pressure product (P<0.003) in breast cancer women, but did not have any effect on their diastolic blood pressure (P<0.18).
Conclusion: Women with breast cancer are recommended to perform Pilates exercises for the improvement of their cardiovascular indices.
Amir Delshad, Fateme Talashan, Mahrokh Bahramifar,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 30 healthy elderly men were divided into 3 groups of aerobic exercise, combined exercise and control group. The exercise sessions were held 3 days a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Aerobic training with an intensity of 60-75% of maximal heart rate reserve was performed. Combined exercises at the same percentage of maximum heart rate and resistance trainings consisted of 5 movements with 60% 1RM intensity which had reached to 75% during the training weeks. ANCOVA and t-test were used to compare the inner and inter group averages at the significant level of P≤0.05.
Results: Compared to the control group, the results of the present study showed significant changes in TGF-β1 level (P = 0.015) and cortisol (P = 0.016) in the training groups because of aerobic and parallel trainings. According to the post-test measures, TGF-B1 increased in the combined and aerobic groups, and cortisol significantly decreased in the combined group compared to the pre-test results.
Mahmoud Darvishi, Vahid Valipour Dehnou, Rasoul Eslami,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background: Aerobic exercise increases serum levels of BDNF, Irisin, and Cathepsin B, but the effects of it in the manipulated environment have not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise in manipulated environment on serum levels of BDNF, Irisin and Cathepsin B in healthy active adolescents in Khorramabad.
Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 10 healthy active male adolescents (age: 16.60±0.52 years) voluntarily participated. The subjects underwent a one-hour running with intensity between 12-13 in Borg scale one session in an ordinary environment and one session in an enriched environment interspersed with one week in a randomized cross-over design. Five minutes before and after the training, a blood sample was taken from the subjects. Serum levels of BDNF, Irisin and Cathepsin B were measured by ELISA. To analyze the data, paired samples t-test was used. Also, the percentage of changes were compared to pre-test.
Results: The results showed that in both environments serum levels of BDNF (p=0.001, p=0.001) Irisin (p=0.002, p=0.001) and Cathepsin B (p=0.001, p=0.0005) were significantly increased. However, there was only a significant difference between Irisin (p=0.043) and Cathepsin B (p=0.046) in the two environments. Also, the percentage of changes in all variables was higher in enriched environment.
Conclusion: Moderate intensity aerobic exercise in healthy active adolescents increased serum levels of BDNF, Irisin, and Cathepsin B. But, the manipulated environment has greater impact. Therefore, it is recommended to use a manipulated environment to make the most of the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise.
Ahmad Kazemi, Nasser Behpour, Ahmad Hematfar,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background: The incidence of heart disease increase with age. Green tea is an antioxidant which can prevent cellular aging. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of green tea extract consumption on total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity of old rats' heart tissue in response to acute exhaustive exercise.
Materials and Methods: 32 male rats were randomly categorized into two groups of supplement and non-supplement each consisting of 16 rats. The supplement group received green tea extract for 12 weeks. At the end of the 12 weeks, each of these groups was further divided into two groups of rest and acute exhaustive exercise. The non-supplement with the rest group was called control group. The non-supplement with exercise group was called exercise group. Further, the supplement group with the rest was called supplement group and finally the last group was entitled supplement with exercise. After 12 weeks of taking green tea extract, one session of acute exhaustive exercise was held on the treadmill. Sandwich ELISA method was used to measure TAC and MDA content and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity
Results: The results showed that 12 weeks of green tea extract consumption increased TAC and decreased MDA levels. Furthermore, increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity in response to a bout acute exhaustive exercise.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, 12 weeks of green tea extract consumption can increase TAC levels and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes at rest and after acute exhaustive exercise.
Bahman Hasanvand, Yaghoub Mehrialvar, Ali Heydarianpour, Fahimeh Erfaniadab,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to compare the intensity of exercise with saffron supplementation on metabolic balance in overweight and obesity women.
Materials and Methods: Among obese and overweight women, 42 obese women with body mass index above 25 were selected by purposeful and accessible randomized to six groups of high intensity training, continuous exercise, control, high intensity training with saffron supplement, continuous training with saffron supplement and saffron supplement group. After the initial sampling, the intervention groups were active for 12 weeks. All data analysis was performed at the significant level P≤0.05.
Results: There was a significant difference in weight, body mass index and fat percentage between control groups, training interventions and saffron (P=0.001). There was a significant difference in the visfatin between all groups with intermittent exercise and saffron group (P≤0.05). The results also showed that there was a significant difference in this variable between saffron, endurance training and control group. There was a significant difference in the Irisin variable between the intermittent exercise group and saffron, endurance and saffron and endurance training with control group (P≤0.05). In the ghrelin variable, there was only a significant difference between the saffron and intermittent exercise groups with all groups (P≤0.05). The other groups did not show significant differences.
Conclusion: According to these results, intense intermittent exercise with saffron supplement is appropriate strategy for health and obesity prevention. Of course, more research is needed in the future to reach a definitive conclusion.
Elham Mirzaeyan, Mania Roozbiani, Hossein Shirvani,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background: High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a kind of exercise training that suggested for individuals with any sufficient time for regular training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a period of intense intermittent training on the expression of 3 enolase, 3 caveolin genes and plasma levels of SGOT enzyme in the cardiac tissue of male rats with fatty liver (steatosis model)
Materials and Methods: The statistical sample consisted of 48 male Wistar rats (in2 healthy models with fatty liver) aged 5 weeks and weighing 200-250 and the same conditions (12:12 darkness and light, temperature 22 ± 2 degrees Celsius (%50-%60) humidity (% 51 humidity) were kept in cages. Gene expression was assessed using Real Time PCR and SGOT enzyme was assessed using ZiestChem diagnostic kits. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test and the data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22.
Results: According to the results, the expression of Enolase 3 and Caveolin 3 genes and also the expression of SGOT enzyme in the rats of the patient group increased compared to the rats of the healthy group (P <0/05), which according to the level of significance It was significant.
Conclusion: It seems that a period of intense intermittent training effects the expression of enolase3, caveolin 3 genes and plasma levels of SGOT enzyme in the cardiac tissue of male rats with fatty liver (steatosis model) and can serve as a marker for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Use cardiovascular, fatty liver, obesity as well as diabetes.
Zahra Zarei, Jabbar Bashiri, Mohammad Narimanirad, Hamdollah Hadi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background: Obesity is the biggest public health challenge of the current century, and the health departments of most countries in the world are involved in the problems and complications of increasing obesity and identifying the mechanisms involved. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two months aerobic training and olive extract supplementation on IL-1β and NLRP3 in obese male rats.
Materials and Methods: In experimental research, twenty-four male rats with two months of age were fed high fat diet for 8 weeks to reach a mean weight of 320±30. Then they were randomly divided into four groups (control group, endurance training group, olive oil supplementation group and endurance training and olive oil supplementation group). Olive oil supplementation (Oos) and aerobic training (AE) (at 80% of VO2max) were conducted for two months. The IL-1β and NLRP3 levels were measured by ELISA method. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA at 95% confidence level.
Results: Both AE and Oos and their combination reduced IL-1β levels with greater changes observed in both training groups (P<0.05). The NLRP3 was only decreased in the combination of AE and Oos groups and the Oos and ET were failed to change this factor level.
Conclusion: Exercise training and Olive oil consumption could be beneficial in lowering inflammation in obese subject, however; more research remains to be done because of the lack of similar evidence and also limitations in the study.
Amir Delshad, Maryam Dashti, Akram Astarabadi,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: Today, participation in regular sports programs is an undeniable need for prevention of diseases and improving the quality of life of the elderly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a selected combined training course on immunoglobulin G concentration and liver injury index in elderly men.
Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 elderly men in the age group of 65-55 years were randomly divided into two groups of combined exercise and control. Combined exercises, including aerobic activity with an intensity of 60 to 74% of the stored heart rate and strength exercises with 50 to 75% of 1RM were performed during 8 weeks and three sessions per week. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before and 48 hours after the last training session to measure serum AST, ALT and IgG levels. To analyze the data from ANKOVA test and to compare intra-group differences, paired t-test was performed at a significant level of P <0.05.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the combination and control groups in serum concentrations of AST (P =0.003), ALT (P=0.004) and IgG (P=0.041). Paired t-test results showed a significant decrease in post-test compared to pre-test ALT (P=0.048), AST (P=0.007) and IgG (P=0.02).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that combined activities are an effective factor in preventing liver damage and strengthening the immune system of the elderly. Combined training can be a good exercise protocol to maintain health in these people.
Leila Fasihi, Bakhtyar Tartibian, Rasoul Eslami,
Volume 23, Issue 0 (11-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Middle-aged women experience changes in bone density due to the transition to menopause. The process of bone measurement and analysis can be continuously controlled by measuring the biochemical markers of bone circulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the status of osteoporosis using serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in active middle-aged women.
Materials and Methods: A total of 50 active premenopausal women, 46 active menopausal women and 55 active postmenopausal women in the age range of 35-65 years and an average weight of 57.13 kg with medical records and clinical trials were selected and available at Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Tehran. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test were used to examine the differences between the groups and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the relationship between the indicators and bone mineral density. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26 (P≤0.05).
Results: The results of the present study showed that the level of mineral density of femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae before menopause was significantly different from during menopause and after menopause (P≤0.05), and the lowest decrease was observed before menopause. Also, serum levels of osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased in both groups during menopause and after menopause (P≤0.01).
Conclusion: The results showed high serum levels of serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in both menopausal and postmenopausal women. Given that these indicators are one of the main factors determining the premature decrease in bone mineral density in middle-aged women, it can be said that one of the applications of the present study is to use the value of these indicators in predicting bone mineral density and possibly He used these blood variables to identify active women aged 35 to 65 years at risk for osteoporosis.
Background and Aim: Middle-aged women experience changes in bone density due to the transition to menopause. The process of bone measurement and analysis can be continuously controlled by measuring the biochemical markers of bone circulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the status of osteoporosis using serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in active middle-aged women.
Materials and Methods: A total of 50 active premenopausal women, 46 active menopausal women and 55 active postmenopausal women in the age range of 35-65 years and an average weight of 57.13 kg with medical records and clinical trials were selected and available at Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Tehran. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test were used to examine the differences between the groups and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the relationship between the indicators and bone mineral density. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26 (P≤0.05).
Results: The results of the present study showed that the level of mineral density of femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae before menopause was significantly different from during menopause and after menopause (P≤0.05), and the lowest decrease was observed before menopause. Also, serum levels of osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased in both groups during menopause and after menopause (P≤0.01).
Conclusion: The results showed high serum levels of serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in both menopausal and postmenopausal women. Given that these indicators are one of the main factors determining the premature decrease in bone mineral density in middle-aged women, it can be said that one of the applications of the present study is to use the value of these indicators in predicting bone mineral density and possibly He used these blood variables to identify active women aged 35 to 65 years at risk for osteoporosis.
Masoumeh Mohamadkhani, Farshad Ghazalian,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background: Vascular endothelial cells play an important role in regulating vascular activity by producing vascular active substances such as endothelin-1 and nitric oxide. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of water resistance training with dark chocolate consumption on plasma levels of endothelin-1, nitric oxide and quality of life in elderly women.
Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 37 elderly women (mean ± standard deviation; age, 65.6 ± 3.1 years; weight 75.71 ± 7.7 kg) were purposefully divided into four complementary groups. Supplementation and exercise, exercise and control were included. The training protocol was performed for eight weeks of water resistance training. Supplementation of 30 grams of 83% dark chocolate daily was used for 8 weeks. Quality of life index was measured by SF-36 evaluation and plasma endolin-1 levels by ELISA and serum nitrite levels as the main metabolite of NO. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni’s post hoc test were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The results showed that the mean quality of life index in the water resistance training group was significantly higher than the control group in elderly women (p = 0.036). Also, the mean NO levels in the combined group were significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.001). But the mean levels of endothelin-1 in the combined group were significantly lower than the control group (p = 0.012).
Conclusion: Based on the present results, it can be concluded that resistance training in water along with consumption of dark chocolate may reduce endothelin-1 levels and increase NO levels to improve endothelial function and increase quality of life in elderly women.
Arash Karimi, Mostafa Cheraghi, Mehrnoosh Sedighi, Pejman Hashemzadeh,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background: Nowadays opium addiction is most important problem in most countries. There are some false beliefs about role of opium in prevention and control of heart disease in society, thus suggestion about opium usage is common in this regard. This review is written based on studies that were performed about relation between opium addiction and heart disease.
Materials and Methods: In this review study, relevant articles indexed in Information Sciences Institute, PubMed, Scientific Information Database, IranMedex, SID, PubMed and Scopus were used to search between 1980 and 2017, with further emphasis on those indexed from 2008 to 2019. We used these keywords to search: opium addiction, lipid peroxidation, blood sugar, blood fat, atherosclerosis, infarct size, arrhythmia and heart disease done in people opium addiction.
Results: Data showed the relation between opium addiction and lipid peroxidation, blood sugar, infarct size, arrhythmia and Malondialdehyde index. Different effects have been observed in different studies. This difference may be due to the effect of anesthesia, the dose of the drug, the site of action in the brain, respiratory changes, and the characteristics of the receptors.
Conclusion: Opium addiction associated with different effects on blood sugar, blood fat, blood pressure, atherosclerosis, infarct size, arrhythmia and heart disease.
Roghayeh Ehtesham, Masoumeh Nezhadali, Mehdi Hedayati,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease. The NAFLD is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Vaspin is a newly discovered adipokine that has several functions, including regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of vaspin levels with NAFLID as well as anthropometric and biochemical parameters.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on a total of 150 participants who were divided into the case (with NAFLD; n=75) and control groups (n=75). The serum levels of vaspin and insulin were measured by ELISA kit, and other variables were determined by standard methods.
Results: There was no significant difference between the patients with NAFLD (grades 1, 2, and 3) and healthy controls (P>0.05) in terms of vaspin levels. Moreover, the patients with NAFLD had significantly higher body mass index, levels of transaminases, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, insulin, and insulin resistance, compared to the control group (P<0.05). In this study, an inverse correlation was observed between vaspin and diastolic blood pressure with cholesterol (P<0.05). However, no association was found between vaspin and lipoproteins, as well as insulin resistance and liver enzymes (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The findings showed no relationship between vaspin and NAFLD. However, serum vaspin levels are correlated with cholesterol levels and diastolic blood pressure (in all subjects).
Mahmoud Rezaei, Mohsen Ghofrani, Mohammadreza Batavani, Samira Emadi,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background: The fibroblast growth factor 21 is a protein that is involved in regulating glucose and fat metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training on serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 and insulin resistance in overweight young men.
Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 30 overweight young men (BMI<25 kg /m2) were purposefully selected and randomly divided to control (n=15) and experimental (n=15) groups. The experimental group performed ten repetitions of one-minute aerobic exercise (treadmill, elliptical trainer, or stationary bike) with an intensity of 80-75% of the target heart rate with one-minute active intermittent rest periods with an intensity of 35-40% of the heart rate for 8 weeks, 4 sessions per week. Fibroblast growth factor 21 and insulin resistance were measured 24 hours before starting the program and 48 hours after the last training session. Intragroup and Intergroup changes were analyzed using dependent and independent t-test, respectively.
Results: Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 indicated a significant increase (t=6.94, P= 0.031) compared to that of the control group after 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training, but insulin resistance significantly decreased (t=5.81, P=0.008).
Conclusion: High-intensity interval training for 8 weeks can be prescribed as an optimal exercise protocol to increase serum fibroblast growth factor 21 and reduce insulin resistance in overweight young men.
Sajad Mohammadbeygi, Vahid Valipour Dehnou,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background: Various serum factors in response to aerobic exercise improve cognitive function in healthy individuals; nonetheless, the effect of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on their levels has not been studied. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effect of a moderate intensity aerobic exercise on serum levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Doublecortin (DCX), and D-β-hydroxybutyrate (DBHB) in triathlon male adolescents in Tuyserkan.
Materials and Methods: A total of 22 triathlon male adolescents (age: 17.60±0.52 years, weight: 60.74±4.96 kg, height: 175.60±5.52 cm) voluntarily participated in this quasi-experimental study. Subjects in one session performed 60 minutes of running with an intensity of 12-13 on the Borg scale. Blood samples were taken from the subjects 5 min before and after training. Serum levels of BDNF, DCX and DBHB were measured by ELISA. To analyze the data, paired samples t-test was used, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In addition, the percentage of changes was compared to pre-test.
Results: Based on the results, the serum levels of DCX (P=0.0005), BDNF (P=0.0005), and DBHB (P=0.001) increased significantly, compared to those in the pretest. Furthermore, serum levels of BDNF (21.30%), DBHB (12.95%) and DCX (12.01%) had the highest increase, as compared to the pretest, respectively.
Conclusion: All three serum factors BDNF, DCX, and DBHB have a significant positive response to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in triathlon male adolescents. Nevertheless, neurotrophin/growth factor BDNF demonstrates more changes and appears to play a greater role in neuroprotection, improving memory, learning, and cognitive function.
Saeid Kouhgardzadeh, Vahid Valipour Dehnou, Mahdieh Molanouri Shamsi,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background: High-intensity functional training can be well performed by the elderly; however, the effect of this training on brain-health-related factors has not been studied yet. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity functional training on serum levels of BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF in elderly men and women.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study included 23 subjects (7 males and 16 females) who were divided into experimental (n=16) and control groups (n=7). The experimental group performed a training protocol consisting of six exercises in three sessions (each session was 25 min) per week for eight weeks. The exercises were performed at all-out intensity for 30 sec. There was a 15-sec rest between each set and a two-min rest between each exercise. Paired samples t-test and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The results showed that the serum levels of BDNF (P=0.0005, +11.37), VEGF (P=0.0005, +7.49), IGF-1 (P=0.001, +3.91), LDL (P=0.004, -3.33), and HDL (P=0.004, +7.48) changed significantly in the experimental group. On the other hand, in the control group, serum levels of BDNF (P=0.149, +1.58), IGF-1 (P=0.486, +0.27), LDL (P=0.897, +0.14), and HDL (P=0.534, +1.10) had no significant changes; however, VEGF (P=0.01, +0.67) significantly changed. The results of ANCOVA showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding all variables (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Eight weeks of high-intensity functional training in elderly men and women increases the serum levels of brain health-related factors. Therefore, functional training is recommended to improve brain function in the elderly.
Mohsen Farhadiyani Asgarabadi, Nasser Behpoor, Ahmad Mohammadi Moghaddam,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background: Considering the importance of maintaining and promoting the health of the elderly, it is necessary to examine their hormonal responses during physical fitness exercises. This study aimed to investigate the effect of two combined training methods with and without blood flow restriction on some physical fitness (muscle strength and muscle endurance), anabolic (testosterone), and catabolic (cortisol) factors.
Materials and Methods: The present research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. A total of 24 elderly men with no history of training participated in this study voluntarily. They were divided randomly into two experimental groups and one control group. Measurement included the 30-second sit-up test, the sit-up test with 50% of one-repetition maximum (to the point of fatigue), testosterone level, and cortisol level. In the group with blood flow restriction, both upper thighs were closed with cuffs and the exercise was performed with the intensity of 20-30% of 1RM, to the point of fatigue. In the training group without restriction, the same movements were performed with an intensity of 65- 80% of 1RM, to the point of fatigue. The covariance test and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that training with blood flow restriction had a significant effect on increasing muscle strength and muscle endurance similar to that caused by high-intensity training without blood flow restriction. Moreover, the results of the study on the effect of exercise with and without vascular occlusion on testosterone and cortisol levels showed that both training methods had similar effects on increasing testosterone levels and decreasing serum cortisol levels in older men.
Conclusion: Since heavy weight training is difficult and risky for the elderly, they can effectively practice low-intensity resistance exercises with blood flow restriction. Eventually, the study of other hormonal and neuromuscular mechanisms involved in the effectiveness of these exercises will expand knowledge in this field of study.
