Ali Chegani Sharafy , Hormozd Ormazdi , Mehdi Mohebali , Lama Ahklaghi , Mohammad Mirza Sharafy , Behnaz Akhondi ,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2005)
Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis is an infection caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was done in order to determine the seroepidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in East Myankooh area, in Lorestan Province during 2004 – 2005 time period.
Materials and methods: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Multi stage sampling was performed from all children (<12years old) and 10% 0f adults of this geographic region. Altogether, 530 blood samples were collected to detect anti-leishmania antibodies. The samples were tested by serological procedures including direct agglutination test (DAT). Antibody titers of 1:3200 and more were regarded as positive and 1:1600 titer was regarded as suspected.
Findings: Six cases (1.26%) were serologically positive and 1 case (0.21%) was suspicious. The titer of antiserum in 6 cases (1.13%) was 1:800.
Conclusion: Seropositive cases were seen in Latvan (n=1), Darsafeh (n=2) and Bungo (n=2) villages and in tribes (n=1). There were no cases of visceral leishmaniasis in other villages. This study indicated that visceral leishmaniasis is sporadic in East Myankooh. More complete epidemiological studies are necessary for determining vectors and other probable reservoirs in this region.
Raedeh Tavalaee, Ahmad Ali Moazedi, Mohamad Kazem Gharibnaseri, Mohamad Reza Akhond,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (10-2017)
Abstract
Background: The effects of cholinergic system are applied through both nicotine and muscarinic receptors. Considering to muscarinic receptorsexistence in therat ileum, in this researchthe effectof carbachol (muscarinic receptor agonist) and scopolamine (muscarinic receptor antagonists) on the ileum contraction induced by KCl in adult male rats were studied.
Materials and Methods: The distal part of Wistar rat’s ileum was separated and its contractions were recorded under one gr stretching and 37 degree temperature in the bathroom containing the solution of Tyrode by Isotonic method. The ileum tissue separately affected by KCl then carbachol in the first group, KCl then scopolamine in the second group, scopolamine for 30 minutes then KCl in the third group and 10-3 M concentration of scopolamine for 30 minutesthen 10-2 M concentration carbachol in the fourth group.
Results: There was a significant difference between zero concentration and (10-2,10-3,10-4mg/ml) concentrations of carbachol (P<0.001). There was a significant difference between zero concentration and 10-3 M concentration of scopolamine (P<0.01) and also the values of 10-4, 10-6M (P<0.001). There was a significant difference between zero concentration and 10-3 M concentration of scopolamine (P<0.01) and also the values of 10-4M (P<0.001) and 10-6M (P<0.05) when scopolamine was exposed tissue for 30 minutes.
Conclusion: This study showed that different concentrations of carbachol enhance induced contraction by potassium chloride in a concentration-dependent manner and has a synergistic effect with potassium chloride. Also, different concentrations of scopolamine decrease induced contraction by potassium chloride in a concentration-dependent manner.
