Yafteh

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Saki M¹, Safa M², Jazayeri H³, Asti P⁴, Jariani M², Saki M⁵

1. Instructor, Department of psychology, Faculty of nursing and midwifery, Lorestan University of medical sciences

2. Assistant professor, Department of psychology, Faculty of medicine, Lorestan University of medical sciences

3. Master of science, psychology

4. Instructor, Department of midwifery, Faculty of nursing and midwifery, Lorestan University of medical sciences

5. Instructor, Department of pediatrics, Faculty of health, Lorestan University of medical sciences

Abstract

Background: Family environment is the first place in which child may recognize his potentialities and talents and tries to raise those potentialities. If family fails to provide the child with an appropriate situation to grow and evolve his character, he may develop the basis of social delinquencies.All kinds of crimes may form in the family. Studies show family as a social factor and character as an inner factor can create the grounds for the criminal behavior. The present study tries to investigate the psychological and personality factors learning people to run away from their homes.

Materials and methods: The present survey is a descriptive- analytical study. The cases were selected by census method. All the women and girls who were kept in the intervening centers were studied during one year. A two-section questionnaire containing demographic, family characteristics as well as the standard questionnaire named SCL 90 were used for data collection. The questionnaire was completed using clinical interview. The data was analyzed using SPSS software.

Results: Among 73 cases participated in the study, 37.5% was under 20 years, 91.7% was housewife and 58.3% had elementary education, 58 % was of those who migrated from villages to towns. Most of them were among the mid born of the families. 36% had imprisonment, 30.6% had substance abuse, and 63.9% was among those who had previous crime records. 46.3% of the married ones mentioned compulsory marriage as the cause of leaving their homes. 41.7% had a bad economic situation. 25% of the children were criminal. 54.2% had challenges and disputes with parents which they mentioned this as the cause of leaving their homes. 46.3% of the participants had Phobia, 64.3% had psychotism, 83.5% had hypochondriasis, 90.4% had obsessive compulsive, and 82.8% had depression, 84.9 % anxiety, 68.6% was aggressive, 41% paranoid and 56.2% had supportive problems.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between leaving homes and variables such as challenges with parents, compulsory marriages, parents’ education and unemployment. Also there is a significant relationship between personal and emotional characteristics and running away from home.

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Changavi F¹, janani F¹, Asti P¹, Akbari S²

1. Instructor, Department of midwifery, Faculty of nursing and midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences

2. Instructor, Department of gynecology, Faculty of medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences

Abstract

Background: IUD is a useful and effective tool for family planning. Different kinds of this equipment are available at the market, but currently the most commonly used one in our country is CU T380A. Previous studies have shown that CU safe 300 is more effective and associated with less complications than CU t380A, thus it is more acceptable by users. The aim of this study was to determine and compare failure rate of CU T380A and CU safe 300 IUDS, four years after insertion.

Materials and methods: The present research is a cohort study carried out on 246 women who referred to health clinics of Khorramabad four years ago. These women divided into two equal groups. One group used CU T380A and the other group used CU safe 300. The rate of unwanted delayed complications such as spontaneous bleeding, pregnancy and spontaneous repelling of the IUDs were assessed by a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Chi square and paired T test.

Results: Failure rate of CU T380A was more than CU safe 300. Statistical tests showed significant differences between these two groups.

Conclusion: This study shows that new IUD (CU safe 300 ) which are smaller in size have less Failure rate and more acceptable by women, so their use is suggested in health clinics.

Key words:

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Masoudi M1, Asti P1, Hadizadegan A2 1. Instructor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences 2.GP Abstract Background: Trauma during pregnancy can lead to early complications such as abruption placenta, premature contraction and labor and at most, bleeding and fetus-maternal mortality. Trauma is one of the most causes of high risk pregnancy. One out of twelve pregnant women suffers from physical trauma and in 7% of pregnancies involves complications due to trauma. The aim of this study was to determine the high risk pregnancy due to physical trauma in pregnant women referred to forensic medicine center and treatment centers of Lorestan university of medical science in Khorramabad. Materials and method: The present study is a across-sectional survey in which all the pregnant women (71 women) that suffered from trauma and referred to forensic medicine center and treatment centers of Lorestan university of medical sciences in Khorramabad city from 23 September, 2005 to 22 September, 2006 (one year) were studied. Data were collected using questionnaire and observations chart. Research subjects were studied in their place of hospitalization in the first 24 t0 48 hours after accident. One month after discharging from hospital we referred to their addresses and their complications were followed up and studied.Data was analyzed by SPSS software, and descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: According to the results, the reasons of referral in 60.1% of the cases was accident traumas, 31.6% physical abuse, 8.3% suicide. The most common cause of the traumas was car accident (30.7%) and abuse by husband was the most frequent (55.2%). The mean of gestational age was 22.6 weeks and abdomen was the area in which the most amount of trauma has been occurred (39.5%) and the most common traumas consisted of multiple traumas. The most common complications due to unintentional traumas was premature labor (13.2%) and in intentional traumas was fetus –maternal mortality (22.5%). Statistical tests showed no significant relation between the case and type of trauma with complications of pregnancy. Conclusion: These results indicate a high prevalence of accidents and abuse and suicide among pregnant women. So education to pregnant women and their families, as well as making aware them from physical and mental complications of physical abuse and also lacking prevention from their exposure in dangerous conditions for example the use safety belt can effectively prevent from above the mentioned complications specially fetus-maternal mortality.

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Background: Even though hormonal changes in pregnancy have been associated with plasma lipid variation, is not yet understood the mechanism which pregnancy alters lipid metabolism. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study conducted between March 2011 and May 2012 in Shariati Hospital on 112 pregnant women with GDM and 159 healthy pregnant women. In order to determine lipids or lipoproteins changes during pregnancy lipid components, glucose and insulin levels were obtained in maternal serum three times in the third trimester. Results: Maternal serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low and high density lipoprotein (LDL-c, HDL-c) levels did not show any significant difference between two groups. While insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and triglyceride (TG) values were detected to be significantly higher in the GDM cases especially after32weeks of gestation (P<0.05) and according to spearman test the increase of TG level was correlated with increase of insulin resistance and HOMA-IR (PV=0.001). Conclusion: Due to positive correlation of hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia, it is possible to assume that elevated TGs levels in GDM cases is a reflection of variation in maternal insulin levels.

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Background : Non-Stress Test (NST) is one of the most common methods used to evaluat fetus health, which its results are presented as reactive and non-reactive. One of the limitations of this test is the high number of false non-reactive cases. Different studies have suggested a combination of vibroacoustic stimulation and NST to reduce the number of non-reactive cases and duration of the test. Materials and Methods: The present study examined a group of tests, and used simple randomized sampling. The number of the sample was 55 individuals and the data collection tools were NST, sonography instruments, NST result paper, a tooth brusher, a watch, a demographic questionnaire, and a checklist. Vibroacoustic stimulation with an electronic brush was performed on fetus head situated on mother’s abdomen for 3 seconds and then NST was continued for a further 20 minutes. Then the results were recorded. The obtained data were gathered by SPSS 19 software, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: In this study, 85.5% of the non-reactive cases changed into reactive through vibroacoustic stimulation. The amount of false positive was lower with vibroacoustic stimulation in comparison with NST. Conclusion: Vibroacoustic stimulation, as a technique for evaluating fetus health, makes it possible to save time, costs and personnel. It is also leads to sooner and better diagnosis of fetus health.

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Background: Medical interventions in labor have been common in recent years. Oxytocin is amongst them which is used to speed delivery. Unfortunately the indiscriminate administration of it could lead to maternal and infant complications. The aim of this study was to compare labor outcome with oxytocin and spontaneous delivery in low risk pregnant women. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive – comparative study, 395 women with single fetus, cephalic presentation, normal delivery, in the active phase of labor were selected. 197 of the cases, as Oxytocin group, received oxytocin by physician,s order during their labor and 198 of the samples, as the second group, had spontaneous vaginal delivery. In both groups, some of the maternal and neonatal outcomes including: maternal morbidity , Apgar score at minutes one and five, admitted in neonatal intensive care unit and were studied.Data were analyzed using SPSS 16, t-test, Chi-square and Mann Whitney tests. Results: The findings showed that oxytocin significantly increased rates of episiotomy, laceration, post partum hemorrhage, hospitalization of neonate in intensive care unit and reduction of Apgar score at minutes one and five that were statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the acceleration of delivery is not a safe method and increases the rate of maternal and infant complications. Therefore, it should be used in the case of medical necessities.

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Background: Vaginal Candidiasis is the most common vaginitis in women and Clotrimazole is the choice treatment. The side effects of drugs and microorganisms resistant are big problems in medicine and herbal therapy seems to be suitable alternative. This study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal effects of Clotrimazole and Salvia officinalis on vaginal C. albicans. Materials and Methods: A vaginal sample of 100 women with vaginal candidiasis was collected in the tube containing 1cc of normal saline. These samples were cultured and 24 C. albicanses were identified which entered to the study. Then C. albicans was cultured in Sabouraud dextrose agar media which contained clotrimazole or extract of Salvia officinalis and MIC 50% and 90% were determined. Results: The Salvia officinalis inhibited the growth of C. albicanses. The mean concentration of Clotrimazole was 0.65±0.55 µg/ml in MIC 50% and 4.8 ± 3.59 µg/ml in MIC 90% . The mean concentration of Salvia officinalis was 24.04± 24.2 mg/ml in MIC 50% and 56.2± 28.4 mg/ml in MIC 90. Salvia officinalis with 1.25 and 20 mg/ml concentration inhibited the growth of standard strain of C. albicans PTCC5027 up to 50% ane 90%, respectively. Conclusion: Salvia officinalis has inhibitory effect against Candida albicans and might be effective in vaginitis due to this microorganism.

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