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Epidemiologic study of Phenylketonuria disease in Lorestan province
Azita Zafar Mohtashami , Gholam Reza Lashkarara , Fateme Khodadadi, Naser Motamedi,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (12-2016)
Abstract

Background : Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disease with autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance caused by a deficiency or absence of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase in the liver. Phenylketonuria incidence is 1 in 10,000 births. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of phenylketonuria in Lorestan province.

Materials and Methods: All 81 phenylketonuria patients known in Lorestan province up to winter 2014 were considered in this descriptive epidemiologic study. Based on the goals and variables of the study, a complete questionnaire was developed to collect data through interviews with parents and the records and they were analyzed by use of SPSS v.16 software with preparing tables and graphs and using chi-square and t-test.

Results: Results showed that phenylketonuria prevalence is 4.3 out of 100,000 people in Lorestan province. Twenty of the patients (24.7%) were identified through screening and 61 patients (75.3%) through other methods. Forty-six of the samples (56.8%) were female and 35 cases (43.2%) were male. Nearly 75% of PKU patients had a positive history of consanguinity marriage in their parents. The prevalence of the disease was significantly different from other cities.

Conclusion: Neonatal screening for phenylketonuria is necessary and should be done within 3-5 days of birth. In families with children suffering from PKU, prenatal diagnosis is necessary for other pregnancies.


Dialysis adequacy in chronic hemodialysis patients in Shohada Ashayer Hospital, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
Azita Zafar Mohtashami, Babak Hadian, Gholam Reza Lashkarara, Fatemeh Mahdipanah,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (3-2017)
Abstract

Background : Chronic kidney disease is an important health issue that its prevalence is increasing both in the worldwide and in our country.

In the end stage renal disease (ESRD), lifelong renal replacement therapy with hemodialysis (the most frequent), peritoneal hemodialysis or kidney transplantation is required. Hemodialysis is the most frequent. Hemodialysis adequacy and nutritional status are associated with mortality rates of these patients.

Materials and Methods:  A descriptive epidemiologic study in which chronic renal failure patients with at least three months of hemodialysis history at Shohada hospital were recorded. Blood and urine samples were drawn and delivered to the specified laboratory and examined by the same person. Hemodialysis adequacy and protein catabolism rate were calculated. Data were analyzed with a significant level of 0.05 by SPSS version 16 statistical software.

Results: Fifty-two patients (65.8 percent) out of 79 patients were male and 27(34.2%) were female. The mean age of patients was nearly 62 years. Further, the mean of hemodialysis adequacy and protein catabolism of patients were 1.2 and 1.83, respectively. Hemodialysis adequacy was associated with sex, age, BMI, and diabetes. Hemodialysis adequacy in non-diabetics was better (higher) than diabetics. Seventy patients (88.6 percent) had protein catabolism rate of 1.2 or more.

 Conclusion: Hemodialysis adequacy in women is better than in men, possibly related to their body size. Hemodialysis adequacy of older or fat patients was less than younger or low-weight ones, s probably because of declining muscle mass and a resultant decrease in creatinine. Protein catabolism rate was at an acceptable range in most patients. It is recommended to extend the duration of each session of hemodialysis, hemodialysis days at week, and the prevention and elimination of re-circulation in order to increase hemodialysis adequacy


Cancer epidemiology in Lorestan province from 2014 to 2017 - Cancer registration program report
Azita Zafar Mohtashami, Gholam Reza Lashkarara, Yadollah Etemadi,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background: Cancer remains the second leading cause of death globally, with more than half of cancer cases occurring in developing countries. For cancer prevention and control, we need to determine the burden of cancer and its changes according to diverse factors, such as age and gender. It is mandatory to expand the cancer registration system and supervise its functions carefully. The information obtained from Lorestan Cancer Registry will be utilized for therapeutic, research, and academic purposes.
Materials and Methods: The residents of Lorestan province from 2014-2017 were regarded as the target population. The registered cancer cases in pathology centers, medical records, imaging centers, and death registration centers were considered the incident cases. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using the standard population of the World Health Organization. We used the population census of 2010 and 2015 for calculations. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26). The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results: In this study, the rate of cancer in Lorestan was higher in men (103.37 per 100,000) than that in women (83.30 per 100,000). The most common registered cancers in Lorestan were stomach, breast, and skin. Within the study period time, the highest median age scores (in years) were recorded as 74, 69, and 66 for prostate, esophagus, and stomach cancers, while the lowest median age scores were reported as 45, 43, and 48 for the brain, thyroid , and breast cancers, respectively.
Conclusion: The incidence of colorectal and lung cancer is on the rise in Lorestan province, which needs more investigation. It is necessary to review the administration of the cancer registration program to ensure that the contribution of data collection resources is reasonable and within the expected range. The incidence rate of some cancers in Borujerd was higher than that in the entire province, which requires etiological studies.

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