Yafteh

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Abstract Background: Increase of nitrate concentration in water sources is becoming a serious problem in many parts of the world. Nitrogen containing compounds released into environment can create serious problems, such as eutrophication of water sources and hazard potential to human health, because it has potency of causing methemoglubinemia disease and cancer. Between recommended methods, biological denitrification is an effective method to remove nitrate from water and wastewater. Materials and methods: In this study, biological nitrogen removal process was evaluated using ethanol, methanol and succinate as different organic carbon sources in batch scale. The different parameters, carbon source, initial nitrate concentration, pH, and inoculated of bacteria were evaluated. Results: The experimental results were showed that bacteria can not use methanol as carbon source. The dinitrifyers bacteria can dissimilate 200 mg/L No3-N, in the optimum condition: 28 ºC, pH 7.2 and initial inoculation of 3×108 CFU/ml, respectively. In the process, produced nitrate-N was less than 1 mg/l. Conclusion: The bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri can use ethanol as carbon source for biological denitrification, but efficiency of succinate was better than ethanol.

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Pooria A1, Maasoomi M2, Rafiee E3, Rezaee M4, Sabzi F5, Hossain Zadegan H6, Salehi M7, Mozaffari P8 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences 2. Professor, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 3. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology 4. Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences 5. Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences 6. Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences 7. Bsc in Nursing, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences 8. Instructor, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Abstract Background: Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of deaths in the developed countries and causes one million mortalities per year in the USA. Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, stress, and low activity are known to be the causes of atherosclerosis. The objective of this study is to confirm the relationship between chlamydia pneumonia (Cpn), as well as helicobacter pylori (Hp) and atherosclerosis. Materials and methods: In this analytical case-control study two groups of patients were studied. The first group including 30 patients over 30 years old with coronary artery disease were operated using coronary artery bypass graft. The control group included 30 persons assessed with angiography and having normal coronary arteries. The data were collected and analyzed using statistical methods. Results: The two groups were similar in terms of IgA and IgG anti-Cpn, and IgG anti- Hp but they were statistically different concerning IgA anti-Hp which had more positive cases in the case group in comparison with the control group (p<0.003). Additionally, 6 and 8 positive findings in immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the aortic punch biopsy were observed in Cpn and Hp respectively. When the serologic and histological findings were compared, it was revealed that the two bacteria had different behaviors in local invasion and systemic reactions. Conclusion: This study confirmed that Hp could cause atherosclerosis by activating systemic reactions while Cpn could not cause it. Moreover, in 20% and 26.7% of the cases Cpn and Hp respectively revealed invasions to the aortic tissues which could result in atherosclerosis. It is recommended that this study must be repeated with large numbers of patients and control groups, and the control groups must be cadavers so that their aortic tissues can be biopsied.

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One of the most important environmental problems is water and soil contamination with heavy metal ions. In this direction, the aim of this investigation was biosorptive removal of Cr (VI) using calcium alginate and determination of isotherm and kinetic of biosorption. Materials and Methods: Using batch system, biosorption capacity of calcium alginate for removal of Cr(VI) ions was investigated as function of pH, shaking time and Cr(VI) ions concentration. For determination of active bands and biosorbent characteristic, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis were carried out respectively. Results: Regarding the FT-IR analysis, It was shown that C=O and O–H groups played a significant role in Cr (VI) biosorption onto alginate calcium. The optimum pH was obtained at pH value of 4.0. Suitable fitness between the experimental data and studied isotherm was obtained (R2>0.9). Maximum biosorption capacity of calcium alginate was 84.75 mg/g. The mean free energy of Cr(VI) biosorption (E) was calculated 9.129 kJ/mol. Moreover, the pseudo-second order kinetic model was found to be suitable than the pseudo-first order kinetic model to correlate the experimental data (R2>0.97) and equilibrium was achieved within 120 min. Conclusion: It can be stated that biosorption of Cr (VI) onto calcium alginate occurs through a chemical mechanism. Also, according to maximum biosorption capacity, it can be stated that calcium alginate is an effective and efficient biosorbent.

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Background : Nitrogen-containing ions such as nitrate and nitrite occur widely in a variety of water sources. This pollutant causes health problems such as the blue-baby syndrome, and possible formation of carcinogenic compounds in the digestive tract. Thus, removing them from water sources seems necessary. Biological denitrification is a method used in the treatment of nitrate contaminated water. Numerous biological denitrification processes such as fluidized bed reactors (FBR) have been reported. This bench-scale research describes the operation of granular activated carbon (GAC) based fluidized bed reactors (FBR) for nitrate removal from water. Materials and Methods: The GAC was inoculated with a denitrifing culture isolated from Khorramabad milk industry wastewater. In addition, characteristics of GAC were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A mixed bacterial culture was acclimated to the removal of 50-200 mg NO3-N. L–1 at 1-3 h retention time from water. The experiments were carried out under anoxic conditions. The effects of various operating conditions such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), Nitrate loading rate and initial concentrations of nitrate on the denitrification were demonstrated experimentally. Results: The experimental results demonstrated that the over 94% of NO3-N was removed in the 2-3 h retention time, almost no NO2-N accumulated in treated water when the concentration of NO3-N was around 50-100 mg/L in influent. Under the experimental conditions, drinking water quality was achieved at a nitrogen loading lower than 2.4 kgNO3-N•m-3•day-1 with an influent COD/N ratio of 3 if ethanol was used as the carbon source. The denitrification rate increased up to a maximal value of 3.45 kgNO3-N•m-3•day-1 with increasing nitrogen loading rate (4.8 kgNO3-N•m-3•day-1). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that GAC offers favorable attachment sites for bacteria on the surfaces of GAC for Nitrate removal and denitrification of water was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) using Activated carbon-immobilized cell beads as support carriers.

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Background : Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive degenerative disorder with multiple motor and non motor symptoms. These features can cause disability and extensive dysfunction in patients. This study is conducted to evaluate the disabilities of PD patients. Materials and Methods: The study was case series. Depression, cognitive impairment and disability of patients were diagnosed based on DSM-IV criteria, Mini Mental State Examination and Hoen and Yahr criteria, respectively. Smelling dysfunction was diagnosed with water, rosewater, tobacco and coffee. Results: From 79 patients who were recruited in our study male to female ratio was 3 to 1. The most patients aged 70-79 years. Prevalence of depression and cognitive impairment was 45.6% and 68.4%. Prevalence of on-off phenomenon, falling attacks and olfactory dysfunction was 21.5, 32.9 and 68.4 percent, respectively. Duration of disease and treatment was significantly associated with amount of disability. Depression was significantly(p=0.006) associated with disability and severity of disease. Conclusion: This study showed that motor and non motor abnormalities are common in PD. Disability is influenced by factors such as age, duration of disease and treatment. Hence, diagnosis and treatment of PD should be considered before onset of disabilities.

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Background : Pseudomonus stutzeri bactrerium is one of the most important and effective denitrifier bacteria in wastewater. With regard to the importance of effects of nitrate on water resources and human health and role of metronidazole inhibition, this study was done with the aim of survey of effect of metronidazole different concentrations on biological denitrification of Pesudomonas stutzeri in wastwater. Materials and Methods: This research was an experimental study. After sampling from raw wastewater, identification and isolation of pseudomonus stutzeri bactrerium were done. Bacteria suspension in specific culture medium and metronidazole different concentrations in deionized water and nitrate different concentrations for experimentals of nitrate removal under anoxic conditions was prepared and metronidazole inhibition experiments on activity of denitrification by pseudomonus stutzeri in synthetic and real wastewater were conducted. Results: Metronidazole at concentrations of 100, 200, 300 and 400mg/l, in synthetic wastewater containing nitrate concentrations to 500mg/l, had no inhibitory effect on activity of denitrification by pseudomonus stutzeri. Metronidazole at concentrations of higher than 800mg/l in synthetic wastewater and higher than 500mg/l in domestic wastewater had inhibitory effect. In 800mg/l metronidazole concentrations, with increasing the concentration of substrate(nitrate), significant reduction in the rate of nitrate removal by pseudomonus stutzeri was observed. This bacterium was added to three samples of domestic sewage, but had no effect on the rate of nitrate removal. Conclusion: With ergard to strong ability of Pseudomonus stutzeri to remove nitrate high concentrations and high resistance of this bacterium against metrinidazole, biological denitrification process can have a high potential to be used for removal of nitrates high concentrations from industrial wastewater, particularly pharmaceutical industries wastewater.

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Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, Ruta graveolens of Agriculture Research Center in Qom were collected . The essential oils were extracted, the inhibitory zone diameter and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MIC, MFC), 140 candida isolates from patients referred to the clinic in women.

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