Yafteh

---

A potential factor influencing hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT) outcome is the presence of donor-derived alloreactive natural killer (NK) cells. This retrospective analysis studied the impact of NK alloreactivity based on the missing KIR ligand, for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients undergoing non-T-cell depleted HLA-identical sibling HSCT. Materials and Methods: A total of 78 patients were studied, including 40 patients with AML and 38 patients with ALL. Nearly, all patients were received a uniform myeloablative conditioning regimen and prophylaxis for GVHD. All were genotyped for KIR genes and HLA ligands by means of polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). Results: Missing KIR ligand without HLA-A3/11 had no effect on disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), or relapse in patients receiving transplants for AML or ALL. In patients with ALL, however, there was a significant missing KIR ligand with HLA-A3/11 effect on DFS (P=0.04) and OS (P=0.02). Conclusion: These data indicate that the absence of HLA class I ligand in the recipient for donor-inhibitory KIR can be a prognostic factor for transplantation outcomes in non-T-cell depleted HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and that the lack of HLA-A3/11 for donor KIR3DL2 can contribute to improved survival for patients with ALL.

---

Background : Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is among major complications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation, and also is an important factor affecting the outcome of transplantation. An increased incidence of GVHD has been suggested following allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) transplantation, however, how this affects survival is not yet well clear. In this study, our aim was to assess the impact of acute GVHD (aGVHD) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and relapse following non-T-cell depleted HLA-identical sibling peripheral blood stem cells transplantation (PBSCT). Materials and Methods: Data of 78 patients, including 40 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 38 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), undergoing non-T-cell depleted HLA-identical sibling allogeneic PBSCT,were analyzed. All patients were received a uniform myeloablative conditioning regimen and prophylaxis for GVHD. We studied the incidence of aGVHD and cGVHD and their effects on survival and relapse in these patients. Results: The overall incidence of aGVHD and chronic GVHD was 82.5% and 42.5% in the AML patients and 84.2% and 26.3% in the ALL patients. The occurrence of aGVHD had no effect on OS, DFS and relapse in AML and ALL patients receiving transplants. Although incidence of 2-year OS and DFS were significantly higher in the AML Patients with cGVHD compared to patients without cGVHD (P=0.024 and P=0.033, respectively), this difference was not due to the low incidence of relapse. Conclusion: These data indicate that the occurrence of cGVHD is an important predictor of outcome of non-T-cell depleted HLA-identical sibling allogeneic PBSCT, in those AML patients who develope cGVHD have a high chance of survival.

---

Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia is the most malignant type of myeloid leukemia characterized by chromosomal translocation (15 and 17) and also blocking the cells in promyelocytic stage of differentiation into myeloid. Nowadays, differentiation therapy is used to treat leukemia. Previous studies indicate that vitamin E inhibits proliferation and also induces differentiation of HL-60 cell line towards monocyte. Since high concentrations of vitamin E to induce differentiation have many side effects, the search for alternative compounds is inevitable. Regarding anti- proliferative and anti-cancer effect of bee venom (BV), in this study the effect of BV on alpha tocopheryl succinate function in differentiation was examined. Materials and Methods: In this study cellular differentiation was tested by immunocytochemistry ,Wright-Giemsa staining and NBT reduction.Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test and Instate 3 software. Results: The results showed that BV in non-toxic concentrations can increase the differentiation potency of vitamin E on HL-60 cancer cell line. Conclusion: Non- toxic concentration of BV can increase differentiational effects of vitamin E and it is expected that BV can increases the differentiating potential of differentiator components in the future .

---

Background: In addition to adequate nutrition and balance of nutrients in the pregnant mother's diet, maternal weight gain during pregnancy has a major impact on maternal health and fetal well-being. The purpose of this study was to compare pre-gestational BMI and gestational weight gain on GDM according to the new definition of GDM. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 18 to 35 years old pregnant women with no underlying disease using convenience sampling method In the first months of pregnancy, women's height, weight and blood pressure as well as FBS were measured.The second assessment was done in the 24th-28th weeks of gestation using repeated measurements of weight, blood pressure, and gestational diabetes screening test (GCT). The third evaluation was conducted at the end of pregnancy to measure mother and infant weight.The data was analyzed by SPSS, version 16, t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: In this study, 600pregnant women were evaluated.Mean BMI befor pregnancy in the women with GDM was significantly higher than in the women without the above-mentioned problems(P=0.0001). The mean weight gained during pregnancy in the women with these symptoms was significantly higher than that in the women without the above –mentioned problems(P=0.039)(P=0.0001). Compared to pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy had a higher with GDM(0.278 vs 0.077). Conclusion: Pre-pregnancy BMI in comparison with weight gain during pregnancy, had a higher correlation with GDM and macrosomia

---

Background: Diagnosis of Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is according to the existence of ABL_BCR fusions and Philadelphia chromosome.  Various type of ABL_BCR fusions were studied on 58 cml patients.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples were obtained with informed consent after completing basic information. RNA was extracted from blood samples and cDNA was synthesized. By multiplex RT-PCR method, ABL-BCR fusions containing b3a2 and b2a2, e1a2 and b3a2 were studied.

Results:  From 58 patients, who were positive ABL_BCR fusion, 18 patients (30.5 %) with fusion b2a2, 37 patients (71/62%) have b3a2 fusion and three (08/3 percent) fusion's e1a2 respectively. In this study 25 men and 33 women participated. In contrast with other studies, women with (CML)   had more population than men in this study.

Conclusion: The results of the ABL-BCR fusion in the Lorestan province (with the exception of higher prevalence in women) were same to the other studies in Iran and b3a2 fusion has the highest prevalence in the patients were studied.

---

Background: Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) is one of the most common types of blood malignancies and has a high mortality rate in the world. Cytogenetic abnormalities are one of the several risk factors that have been suggested for this disease. With advances in the design and use of various drugs for AML treatment, leukemic cells using various mechanisms can become resistant to the cytotoxicity of drugs. Indeed, these factors result in cancer survival and treatment failure. On the other hand, predicting prognosis and relapse of the disease depends on drug resistance of leukemic cells and choosing of treatment process. Our aim in this review article is to investigate the most common ways of AML treatment failure. By knowing these factors, more effective drugs are produced and new therapeutic protocoles are used in the treatment of AML.