Yafteh

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Background: Morbid obesity contributes to many health risks including physical, emotional, and social problems. The increasing prevalence of obesity is a major public health concern since obesity is associated with several chronic diseases. Morbid obesity is one of the biggest independent risk factors for early mortality. Various options for the surgical treatment of morbid obesity have been developed with varying results Materials and methods: LAGB technique with MID-BAND was carried out on 32 patients with morbid obesity (27 female and 5 male median age 34, range 21 to 56) that had no hypothyroidism, hypercortisolism and diagnosed psychiatric diseases. Mean weight and body mass index were 117 (92 to 159) kg and 43.4 (34-56) kg/m2 respectively before operation. The mean follow-up period was 12 months (range 6 to 18). Findings: Mean excess weight loss were 29% (range 8% to 62%), 46% (range 18% to 90%) 60% (range 26% to 92%) and 75%(range 36% to 98%) at 3,6,9 and 12 months post operation respectively (P <0.001). Median operative time was 55 (range 25 to 125) minutes and median hospital stay was 36 hours (range 12 to 72 hours) . Early complications were seen in 12 (38%) patients most commonly nausea/vomiting or hair loss. As late complication, port infection in 2 (6.3%) patients , band infection in 1(3.2%) patient and band malposition in 1(3.2%) patient Were seen. One patient (3.2%)had conversion to open .Mortality rate was zero. Conclusions: Although, this study was the first experience in LAGB, weight reduction in comparison with other studies was exccellent. Additionally, the complication rate was reasonable with no mortalities. LAGB is an effective and safe operation for the treatment of morbid obesity.

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Amirkhizi F1, Siassi F2, Minaie S3, Djalali M2, Dorosty Motlagh AR4, Chamari M3 1. MSc, Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health, Zabol University of Medical Scences 2. Professor, Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Scences 3. MSc, Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Scences 4. Associate Professor, Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Scences Abstract Background: High blood pressure (BP) is one of the most important modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, anthropometric indices such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) can independently and sometimes more severely lead to BP changes. The objective of this study was to assess BP status and its relationship with anthropometric indices among women in rural areas of Kerman province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 370 women of reproductive age (20-45 years old). General information were gathered from each sample using questionnaire and face-to-face interview. Body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured and BMI and WHR were calculated for each subject. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient tests. Results: 15.9% and 22.8% of subjects were obese and abdominal obese (WHR>0.8) respectively. 14.3% of subjects were also hypertensive. BP significantly increased with weight, BMI, WHR, waist circumference and number of pregnancy. Furthermore, BMI was positively associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r =0.26, p<0. 002 and r =0.32, p<0.0001 respectively).There was also a positive correlation between WHR with SBP (r =0.22, p<0.003) and DBP (r =0.24, p<0.002). In addition, waist circumference was positively correlated with DBP (r =0.18, p<0.05). Conclusion: Anthropometric indices have positive and significant correlation with blood pressure changes in women of reproductive age. It is generally recommended to consider weight control and body fitness for hypertension prevention in women.

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Background: Obesity is one of the most important problems in the world. Suitable low calorie diets are among the best ways for weight loss. The aim of this study was to determine the effects and comparison of two kinds of low-calorie diets on weight loss. Materials and Methods: Seventy- six health women (20-55 yrs old) were randomly divided into two groups for 3 months: 39 subjects in standard diet group (SD) (carbohydrate 55%, fat 30%, protein 15%), and 37 persons in high protein-low fat diet group (HPD) (carbohydrate 55%, fat 20%, protein 25%). Energy intake was 1000 kcal less than the daily needs in the two groups. In the beginning and at the end of each month the subjects were visited and food diet energy was adjusted. In the beginning and finally BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist to hip ratio were measured. Results: BMI decreased 4. 43±0.96 v. s 4. 15±0.76 in SD and HPD groups, respectively. The amount of weight loss was 10. 89 2.04 in SD and 10. 48 1.73 in HPD. Waist to hip ratio decreased 0. 02±0.014 v. s 0. 018±0. 014 in SD and HPD, respectively. For all variables there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: Both low calorie diets (SD and HPD) decreased weight and other obesity indices. Therefore, HPD may be a suitable substitution for standard diet.

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Systemic inflammation is associated with reduced lung function in obese individuals. Whether aerobic training in obese subjects is associated with improvement in systemic inflammation and lung function is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12 week aerobic training on C- reactive protein and lung function in obese men. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three obese subjects (age: 46.19±3.9 yr, body mass index (BMI): 31.64±0.87 kg/m2) were randomly divided into aerobic training (n=12) and control (n=11) groups. A matched control group of normal weight participants (n=9) were also recruited for baseline comparison (age: 45.36±4.1 yr, BMI: 24.63±0.45 kg/m2). Aerobic training was performed 3 times weekly for 12 weeks. Body composition (computed tomography), inflammatory parameter, and pulmonary function were measured prior to and after the intervention. Results: At baseline, obese individuals had higher serum C-reactive protein and poor pulmonary function than normal weight participants (p<0.05). After a 12 week aerobic training, body weight, waist circumference, visceral fat, total abdominal fat, and C- reactive protein were significantly decreased (p<0.05). In contrast, lung function parameters were improved after the aerobic training (p<0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic training resulted in an improvement in obesity indices and lung function in obese men, and this improvement was accompanied by decreased C- reactive protein levels.

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Polycystic ovarian (pco) syndrome is one of the most prevalent( 4-8%) endocrine glands disorders among premenopause women. Polycystic ovary syndrome as a form of functional ovarian hyperandrogenemia may has characteristics such as choronic anovulation, infertility, abnormal menstruation and android obesity. This diseas has genetic aspect and in different studies similar abnormalities have been seen in their first degree relatives. Materials and Methods: This research is a case-control study carried out on 107 individuals as case group and 107 individuals as control group selected by simple random sampling in 2009. After recognition patients with PCO syndrome , their first degree relatives (Father,mother,sister and brother) have been interviewed. BMI and WHR indices of the both blood samples were taken to study their serum glucose tolerance. Results: Case group, from view point of obesity (BMI≥30) and centeral obesity , ITG level and diabetes regarding WHO standards was higher than similar individuals in control group,but this difference was not statistically significant . The mean of fasting blood sugar in fathers , mothers , brothers and sisters of cas group was significantly higher (p=0.001). Regarding Chi-square test there was no significant relation between obesity diabetes in the both groups. , (BMI≥30kg/m2), centeral obesity and lack of impaired glucose tolerance and type2 diabetes in the both groups. Conclusion: The first degree relatives of the women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome are exposed to abnormal glucose tolerance and android obesity.

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Polycystic ovarian (pco) syndrome is one of the most prevalent( 4-8%) endocrine glands disorders among premenopause women. Polycystic ovary syndrome as a form of functional ovarian hyperandrogenemia may has characteristics such as choronic anovulation, infertility, abnormal menstruation and android obesity. This diseas has genetic aspect and in different studies similar abnormalities have been seen in their first degree relatives. Materials and Methods: This research is a case-control study carried out on 107 individuals as case group and 107 individuals as control group selected by simple random sampling in 2009. After recognition patients with PCO syndrome , their first degree relatives (Father,mother,sister and brother) have been interviewed. BMI and WHR indices of the both blood samples were taken to study their serum glucose tolerance. Results: Case group, from view point of obesity (BMI≥30) and centeral obesity , ITG level and diabetes regarding WHO standards was higher than similar individuals in control group,but this difference was not statistically significant . The mean of fasting blood sugar in fathers , mothers , brothers and sisters of cas group was significantly higher (p=0.001). Regarding Chi-square test there was no significant relation between obesity diabetes in the both groups. , (BMI≥30kg/m2), centeral obesity and lack of impaired glucose tolerance and type2 diabetes in the both groups. Conclusion: The first degree relatives of the women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome are exposed to abnormal glucose tolerance and android obesity.

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Background : Cardiovascular diseases are among the most important causes of mortality and major health problems in developed as well as developing countries including Iran. This study aimed to develop percentile reference data for serum lipids including total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride and to determine the prevalence of overweight and fat distribution in male adults living in Tehran. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 141 men aged 18-34 years living in district 6 of Tehran.According to list of primary schools located in district 6 of Tehran, subjects were chosen from residents around these schools. Sociodemographic and anthropometric questionnaires were filled in at the subjects' home. They were asked to attend the study center the next day at 8:00-8:30 am and 5 ml of fasting blood (at least 12 hours) was collected from each subject. Data statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software Ver 11.5. Chi square test was used for qualitative variables and Pearson correlation was calculated for quantitative variables. Results: Data showed 24.8% hypercholesterolemia, 29.8% hypertriglyceridemia, 21.3% LDL>130mg/dl and 36.2% HDL<40mg/dl in the subjects. BMI was positively and significantly correlated with total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol but no significant correlation was observed for waist circumference and waist to hip ratio with blood indices. Conclusion: The study shows that BMI can be a predictive factor for cardiovascular disease in Iranian population. In order to clarify waist circumference and waist to hip ratio correlations with and blood lipids and also to develop percentile reference data for blood lipids, more studies with larger study population is recommended.

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Background : Obesity predisposes individuals to cardiovascular diseases.The aim of this research is to study CRP as a prognostic inflamatory factor in children with obesity and overweight in comparison with non obese ones. Materials and Methods: We investigated 80 children aged 8- 10 years assessing obesity as case group and 80 non-obese children as control group. Serum level of Cholesterol , triglycerides , low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and C-reactive protein were measured . Finally the data were analysed using SPSS software, X2,t and fisher tests. Results: The results showed that there were significant correlations between CRP in obese children than non-obese children. 31% of the case group had positive CRP (PV=0.000001). Lipid analysis showed significant correlations between mean Cholesterol level and CRP in obese and non-obese children. Mean Cholesterol level in posetive CRP group was 201.9 mg/dl but mean Cholesterol level in control group was 183.1 mg/dl . (P=0.04,T=-2.1) Conclusion: This study showed significant correlations between CRP and obesity in 8-10 years old children.

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Background : Some studies have shown that the serum concentration of 25- hydroxy vitamin D which is represent the status of body vitamin D, has a diverse relationship with obesity status, and the risk of obesity decreases in people with high level of 25- hydroxy vitamin D. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the serum level of 25- hydroxy vitamin D and anthropometric indices, glucose, lipid profile, serum insulin, and insulin resistance in obese women. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 43 obese women and 43 healthy women with normal weight as a control group, aged 20-50. They were matched for age and physical activity. For each participant, a 3-day 24-hours food recall was filled. Moreover, fasting blood sampling was taken to measure blood levels of fasting blood glucose, 25- hydroxy vitamin D, lipid profile and serum insulin. Results: The mean level of serum 25- hydroxy vitamin D, insulin and also insulin resistance based on IR-HOMA index in the group of obesity and control were 28.05 ± 16.66 versus 25.72 ± 14.08 (P=0.48 ) , 25.97 ± 7.53 versus 25.93 ± 9.32 (P=0.98 ) , and 6.39 ± 2.6 versus 5.83 ± 2.5 (P=0.30) respectively. Between the anthropometric indices, 25- hydroxy vitamin D had a significant relationship only with body weight in obese group (p=0.033, r= 0.326 ). No significant relationship was observed between serum 25- hydroxy vitamin D with blood sugar, lipid profile, serum insulin level and HOMA-IR in obese women. Conclusion: No significant relationship was seen between serum level of 25- hydroxy vitamin D with anthropometric indices (except for body weight), serum levels of glucose, lipid profile and insulin resistance in the obese women.

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Background : Obesity and overweight are related to biological factors, individual, social, economic factors, different cultural factors and feeding behavior.  Recognizing these factors can be a guidance of interventions relating to prevention and control of obesity in children and teenagers. The present study was aimed to study determinant factors of obesity and overweight in students of Khorramabad city.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 3387 students from age 6 to 14 were selected by combinative, multistage grouped and clustered sampling. Students' height and weight were measured and also body mass index (BIM) was calculated. In order to determine  the  prevalence, body mass index was used  for age in NCHS table and evidence up 95 was regarded as obese and 85 to 95 was regarded as overweight.    

Results: The relation of overweight and obesity in students with kind of school, family size, parental education and family income was very significant     (p<0.001). Obesity and overweight were more prevalent in students of non-profit schools and families with more income. Students whose parents had higher education, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was more. There wasn't  a significant relation between overweight and obesity and pubertal status (p=0.1).

Conclusion: Overweight and obesity in case study students were related to individual and external factors. Of these factors, we can mention factors such as gender, birth rank, family size and parental education.

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Background: The aim of this study was to compare the intensity of exercise with saffron supplementation on metabolic balance in overweight and obesity women.
Materials and Methods: Among obese and overweight women, 42 obese women with body mass index above 25 were selected by purposeful and accessible randomized to six groups of high intensity training, continuous exercise, control, high intensity training with saffron supplement, continuous training with saffron supplement and saffron supplement group. After the initial sampling, the intervention groups were active for 12 weeks. All data analysis was performed at the significant level P≤0.05.
Results: There was a significant difference in weight, body mass index and fat percentage between control groups, training interventions and saffron (P=0.001). There was a significant difference in the visfatin between all groups with intermittent exercise and saffron group (P≤0.05). The results also showed that there was a significant difference in this variable between saffron, endurance training and control group. There was a significant difference in the Irisin variable between the intermittent exercise group and saffron, endurance and saffron and endurance training with control group (P≤0.05). In the ghrelin variable, there was only a significant difference between the saffron and intermittent exercise groups with all groups (P≤0.05). The other groups did not show significant differences.
Conclusion: According to these results, intense intermittent exercise with saffron supplement is appropriate strategy for health and obesity prevention. Of course, more research is needed in the future to reach a definitive conclusion.

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Background: Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammation that plays a major role in the development of metabolic disorders or insulin resistance.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise with curcumin supplementation on proinflammatory factors in obese men.
Materials and Methods: 20 obese men in the age range of 30 to 40 years were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two equals experimental (supplementary) and control (placebo) groups.  The experimental group participated in a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program (60-70% of maximum heart rate) for three weeks, three sessions per week, and each session lasted about 60 minutes.  At the same time, they took 500 mg of curcumin daily in capsule and placebo groups.  The control group also took a placebo (rice flour).  Before and after the supplementation training intervention, blood samples were taken from all subjects during 10 hours of fasting.  Inflammatory markers including TNFα, IL-1β   and BDNF were assessed by ELISA.  Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (p <0/05).
Results: The results showed that eight weeks of aerobic exercise with curcumin supplementation, in addition to improving body composition, caused a significant decrease in TNFα (p = 0/0001) and IL-1β (p = 0/0001) and also a significant increase in BDNF values ​​(p = 0/0001) in obese men.
Conclusion: The findings of this study show that curcumin supplementation along with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can improve inflammatory conditions in obese men.
Keywords: Obesity, Inflammation, Curcumin, Aerobic exercise.

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Background: Physical activity with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects can play a critical role in the health of individuals. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the impact of resistance training and curcumin consumption on inflammatory indicators and oxidative stress in obese men.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted based on a quasi-experimental design. The studied population consists of obese men aged 38-43 years. The sample size was estimated to be 40 individuals, who were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 using a random number table. The training program lasted for eight weeks, with three sessions per week. An 80 mg curcumin supplement was administered. Blood samples were collected before and after the final session. Data analysis involved one-way analysis of variance, paired t-test, and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The amount of catalase enzyme in resistance training groups (P=0.012), curcumin supplement (P=0.032), and resistance training group with curcumin consumption (P<0.001) were associated with a significant increase. Nonetheless, it was not significant in the control group (P=0.991). Furthermore, the levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the experimental groups displayed a significant decrease (P<0.05), whereas these changes were not significant in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, it can be stated that the consumption of curcumin may be effective in suppressing the inflammation caused by obesity. This is due to its potent antioxidant effects and its combination with resistance training.
 

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