Volume 26, Issue 1 (4-2024)
yafte 2024, 26(1): 56-72 |
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Nazari N, Sharifnia F, Salimpour F, Mehrnia M, Graan A. Evaluation of phytochemical traits and codeine and papaverine alkaloids of Papaver species in west and central Iran: application of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. yafte 2024; 26 (1) :56-72
URL: http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-3678-en.html
URL: http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-3678-en.html
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Iran & Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Iran
Abstract: (639 Views)
Background: Papaver plant has various alkaloids that are used in the manufacture of muscle relaxant drugs. For this purpose, this study aimed to assess phytochemical changes and alkaloids of Papaver.
Materials and Methods: The samples of 6 species of Papaver were collected from Kermanshah, Tehran, Khuzestan, and Lorestan provinces. Phytochemical compounds investigated in the research were used to measure alkaloids by the HPLC method, phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidants by spectrophotometric device and multivariate statistical methods of principal components, and cluster analysis by the Ward method.
Results: The highest and lowest amounts of total phenol were reported in Papaver hybridum and P.rhoeas samples from Lorestan, respectively. The highest and lowest amounts of total flavonoid were detected in Lorestan from P.bracteatum and in Khuzestan province from P. rhoeas species, respectively. The highest and lowest antioxidant activity was reported in P. bracteatum species in Kermanshah province and P. rhoeas species in Khuzestan province, respectively. The results of the principal component analysis illustrated that two main and independent factors explained a total of 70.6% of the total variance. The results of the cluster analysis also indicated that all the studied provinces were very similar in terms of P.rhoeas. Moreover, Lorestan, Kermanshah, and Khuzestan provinces were somewhat similar in terms of P.dubium, P.macrostomum, P.hybridum, and P. bracteatum species.
Conclusion: The amount of phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant activity, and alkaloids of Papaver in this study was affected by the environmental conditions of the collection site and the type of species. In general, the species P. bracteatum is richer in terms of phytochemical properties studied and can be considered in breeding and domestication programs.
Materials and Methods: The samples of 6 species of Papaver were collected from Kermanshah, Tehran, Khuzestan, and Lorestan provinces. Phytochemical compounds investigated in the research were used to measure alkaloids by the HPLC method, phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidants by spectrophotometric device and multivariate statistical methods of principal components, and cluster analysis by the Ward method.
Results: The highest and lowest amounts of total phenol were reported in Papaver hybridum and P.rhoeas samples from Lorestan, respectively. The highest and lowest amounts of total flavonoid were detected in Lorestan from P.bracteatum and in Khuzestan province from P. rhoeas species, respectively. The highest and lowest antioxidant activity was reported in P. bracteatum species in Kermanshah province and P. rhoeas species in Khuzestan province, respectively. The results of the principal component analysis illustrated that two main and independent factors explained a total of 70.6% of the total variance. The results of the cluster analysis also indicated that all the studied provinces were very similar in terms of P.rhoeas. Moreover, Lorestan, Kermanshah, and Khuzestan provinces were somewhat similar in terms of P.dubium, P.macrostomum, P.hybridum, and P. bracteatum species.
Conclusion: The amount of phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant activity, and alkaloids of Papaver in this study was affected by the environmental conditions of the collection site and the type of species. In general, the species P. bracteatum is richer in terms of phytochemical properties studied and can be considered in breeding and domestication programs.
Type of Study: Research |
Received: 2023/09/14 | Accepted: 2024/05/21 | Published: 2024/04/29
Received: 2023/09/14 | Accepted: 2024/05/21 | Published: 2024/04/29
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